Zalibekov Z.G.,  Mamaev S.A., BiarslanovA.B., Magomedov R.A., Asgerov D.B., Galimov W.M. ON THE USE OF FRESH GROUNDWATER IN ARID REGIONS OF THE WORLD IN THE FIGHT AGAINST DESERTIFICATION // Arid ecosystems. 2019. V. 25. № 2 (79). P. 3-12. | PDF

The theoretical basis and principles of the use of fresh groundwater (CLP) and their role in combating desertification and in developing the biological potential of drylands have been developed. Advantages of CLP in comparison with surface irrigation waters are revealed: protection from pollution, evaporation, protection of natural reserves and their natural renewability. The areas of arid lands on the continents, differences in the depth of CLP and the parameters of the recommended type of drip irrigation on the example of one of the arid regions of the Tersko-Kumsky artesian lowland are given. Natural renewal and occurrence close in comparison with conditions of Equatorial Africa to a surface of CLP in Delta-alluvial plains of Eurasia is shown.

Keywords: desertification, soil alkalinity, underground fresh water, drip irrigation, drought resistance, diaphragm method, deltaic plains.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2019-10048

Golovanov M., Abramova L. M. THE CHALK HILLS OF THE ORENBURG REGION IS A UNIQUE HABITAT OF RARE PLANTS AND PLANT COMMUNITIES // Arid ecosystems. 2019. V. 25. № 2 (79). P. 18-26. | PDF

In the period from 2014 to 2017, floristic, geobotanical and population-biological studies were conducted on 9 Cretaceous elevations of the steppe zone of the Orenburg region, characterized by high specificity and the proportion of rare and endemic species. Floristic studies were carried out by a widespread route method. Assessment of environmental significance is given by 8 indicators adopted in phytocenotic works (floristic and phytocenotic significance, distribution, naturalness, reduction of area, recoverability, category of protection, coverage of protection). 40 species listed in the Red Data Books of different ranks and 15 endemics were found on the studied massifs. The greatest number of rare species of plants marked for Verhnesaldinsky and Trinity Cretaceous mountains (26 species), which are the largest in size and slightly disturbed Cretaceous reference arrays region. High concentration of rare species of plants occurs in saltwort-sagebrush (24) and desert-Agropyron communities (25 species). When assessing the environmental significance by the integral index the higher scores of “category of protection” received communities with dominants: Anabasis, Anthemis and Nanophyton. Assessment of the state of populations of 6 rare plant species on the studied Cretaceous massifs showed that with increasing anthropogenic load there is a decrease in the vitality of populations. The necessity of protection of four unprotected today chalk hills and chalk outputs in the Orenburg region is mentioned.

Keywords: Orenburg region, Cretaceous uplands, rare and endemic species.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2019-10050

Asadulaev Z.M., Anatov D.M. SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF POPULATION OF PRUNUS ARMENIACA L. IN THE ARID WOODLANDS OF THE INTRAMOUNTAIN DAGESTAN // Arid ecosystems. 2019. V. 25. № 2 (79). P. 35-42. | PDF

The spatial structure of coenopopulations of Prunus armeniaca L. depending on the steepness and exposure of the slopes was studied in the Intramountain Dagestan at three high-altitude levels. The greatest density of apricot massifs are on the gentle slopes of the Northern exposures and in areas adjacent to the river valleys. The density of the apricot trees (r=-0.45), and a variety of other woody species (r=-0.91) decrease on the southern slopes compared to the northern slopes as they are more eroded and steep, that  leads to the formation of monodominant apricot forests. With increasing density and joint growth with other tree species, the apricot crown acquires a pyramidal shape, and at low density a hemispherical shape.

Keywords: Prunus armeniaca L., Intramountain Dagestan, arid woodlands, cenopopulations, spatial structure, density, height above sea level, steepness of slopes, Shapiro-Wilk and Chi-square match criteria.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2019-10052

Gasanov N., Azarova T.A., Gadzhiyev K.M., Bashirov R.R., Akhmedova Z.N., Abdulayeva A.S., Salikhov Sh.K. CONCENTRATION, TRANSLOCATION AND PHOSPHOROUS BALANCE IN GRASSLAND SEMI-DESERT LANDSCAPES THE NORTH-WESTERN CASPIAN // Arid ecosystems. 2019. V. 25. № 2 (79). P. 52-58. | PDF

The results of studies on the accumulation and translocation of phytomass by blocks of plant matter, concentration, reserves and phosphorus balance are presented. The studies were carried out in grass ecosystems on light chestnut and meadow chestnut soils and saline typical, representing a significant part of the North-Western Caspian sea.

Keywords: species composition, phytomass accumulation, translocation, plant substance, blocks, phosphorus concentration, reserves, balance.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2019-10054

Bazhenov Yu.A. STATUS OF THE POPULATIONS OF TARBAGAN (MARMOTA SIBIRICA RADDE, 1862) IN THE DAURIAN RESERVE AND THE FEDERAL NATURE RESERVE “DZEREN VALLEY” // Arid ecosystems. 2019. V. 25. № 2 (79). P. 64-69. | PDF

From 2010 to 2017 a field study of the location and number of tarbagan (Mongolian marmot) on the border with Mongolia and China of the TRANS-Baikal region (Russia) was conducted. The territory under consideration is part of the Federal specially protected areas: the Daurian reserve and the dzeren Valley reserve. It is shown that by 2017 the number of tarbagan in this area reached more than 2000 families. The best recovery is in those areas where the population density of tarbagan has historically been the highest (Nerchinsky ridge near the border with Mongolia). Engineering and technical facilities at the border and a special border regime favored the preservation of the original settlements of marmots. Migration of marmots from Mongolia has ceased to play an important role in maintaining the border populations of marmots on the considered section of the border of Russia and Mongolia.

Keywords: Mongolian marmot, Transbaikalia, Red Data Book, population recovery.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2019-10056