Архив метки: climate

THE CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE EXPANSION RANGE OF WEST NILE FEVER IN RUSSIA: SPATIAL-TEMPORAL TRENDS EVALUATION

Arid Ecosystems

Zelikhina S.V., Shartova N.V., Mironova V.A., Varentsov M.I. THE CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE EXPANSION RANGE OF WEST NILE FEVER IN RUSSIA: SPATIAL-TEMPORAL TRENDS EVALUATION // Arid ecosystems. 2021. V.27. № 3 (88). P. 16-23.

This work aims to estimate the spatial-temporal trends of climatic conditions changes for the spread of West Nile fever (WNF) in the south of the European part of Russia. We used observations data with 58 weather stations (1997-2018) and data the ERA-Interim reanalysis (1981-2018). We assessed the suitability of climatic conditions for West Nile virus (WNV) transmission using the degree-day method. Based on the data obtained, we demonstrate the growth of the sums of effective temperatures (ET). The increase in the duration of the season of effective infectivity of mosquitoes was not tracked down. The changes in the sums ET coincide with the increase in the average air temperature for the epidemiological season. This creates favorable conditions for the development of the virus in the mosquito, as with an increase in ET the circulation of the virus is more efficient. The most favorable situation for the transmission of WNV is in the Caspian and Ciscaucasia region. In this territory, there is a further improvement in the conditions for the circulation of WNF due to an increase in the sums of ET. Compared to the Urals region, conditions suitable for the transmission of WNV are developing much faster in the central part of the European territory of Russia. It may lead to the further spread of WNV in this region.

Keywords: West Nile fever, West Nile virus, climate, temperature, climate changes, degree-day method, climatic trends.

Funding. This work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 17-77-20070 “Assessing and Forecasting the Bioclimatic Comfort of Russian Cities under the Climate Change in the XXI Century”, and as part of the development program of the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow State University “The planet future and the global environmental changes”.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2021-10159

POTENTIAL OF SOIL COVER BIOPRODUCTIVE RESOURCES: USE AND RENEWABLE SOURCES

Arid Ecosystems

Zalibekov Z.G., Mamaev S.A., Biarslanov A.B., Asgerova D.B., Magomedov R.A. POTENTIAL OF SOIL COVER BIOPRODUCTIVE RESOURCES: USE AND RENEWABLE SOURCES // Arid ecosystems. 2021. V. 27. № 1 (86). P. 15-23. | PDF

Soil resources are identified by regional factors of soil genetic differences. This approach is a multifunctional basis for soil resources accounting on a global, regional and local scale. Regional factors include the areas of functioning soils and their detailing characteristics: the contours’ dimensions, space measure, their quantity, principles of crossing lines and the turnover frequency. The purpose of this work is to identify the potential of bioproductive processes, where inherent potential of soil areas is marked by an unlimited increase in productivity within the existing soil dimensions and geometric outlines. The main difference is an increase of phytomass and photosynthetic activity of plants on a naturally limited area of soils from using the inexhaustible resources of the sun cosmic energy and the physical and geographical environmental processes. Combinations generated by soil properties and their usage lead to formation of renewable sources categories, compensating for the scarcity of new areas allocated for development.

Keywords: soil resources, phytomass, bioproductive potential, diversity, factors, solar energy, thermal energy, climate.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2021-10133

WATER TEMPERATURE REGIME OF UPPER DON RIVER BASIN AS A REACTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE PROCESSES

Arid Ecosystems

Dmitrieva Vera A., Buchik SvetlanaV. WATER TEMPERATURE REGIME OF UPPER DON RIVER BASIN AS A REACTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE PROCESSES // Arid ecosystems. 2021. V. 27. № 1 (86). P. 127-134. | PDF

The current water temperature regimen in the rivers of the Upper Don is changing as a result of local climate processes which in turn are a reflection of the global climate change. The first ten years of the current century saw the near-surface air temperatures in the Upper Don increase on average by 1 degree Celsius, causing changes in the river water temperature regimen. This regimen reflects the interaction between atmosphere and hydrosphere. At the same time, the water masses are in contact with the water bed, which can also influence the temperature of the water. Due to the continuous interaction between different environments, the atmospheric temperature is not always the leading factor in the river water temperature dynamics. Despite the unidirectional tendency towards the increase in the regional air temperature in all of the Don catchment area, the water temperature changes are not straightforward and can be paradoxical. The right Don tributaries (Krasivaya Mecha, Devitsa, Chernayaa kalitva et al), coming from the Central Russian Upland, are seeing a steady decrease in water temperature. However, the left tributaries (Voronezh, Bityug), coming from the Oka-Don lowland plain, are showing a maximum water temperature increase. The water temperature is decreasing in the Podgornaya River, a left tributary coming from the Kalach elevation. The Don watercourse proper registers a water temperature increase. The controversial superficial water layer temperature dynamics can be attributed to annual water runoff distribution, the decrease in snow volume and the increase in the part of ground water influx during the periods of the water maximum formation.

Keywords: Upper Don, climate, the thermal regime, water temperature, air temperature.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2021-10144