Архив метки: flora

GEOBOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITIES WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF SALSOLA DAGHESTANICA (TURCZ.) TURCZ.) ON THE ARID SLOPES OF RIDGES EASTERN CAUCASUS

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 574.3:581 (470.67)

Magomedova B.M., Asadulaev Z.M. GEOBOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITIES WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF SALSOLA DAGHESTANICA (TURCZ.) TURCZ.) ON THE ARID SLOPES OF RIDGES EASTERN CAUCASUS // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 3 (92). P. 72-78. | PDF

The results of the study of communities with the participation of Dagestan saltwort (Salsola daghestanica (Turcz.) Turcz.) in Piedmont and Inner-mountain Dagestan, where 108 species of flowering plants were identified, among which are: Caragana grandiflora (M. Bieb) DC.); endemics of the Greater Caucasus: Matthiola caspica (Busch) Grossh., Salvia canescens CA Mey, Elytrigia gracillima Nevski; endemic of Dagestan Convolvulus ruprechtii Boiss., as well as a species listed in the Red Data Book of Russian Federation Artemisia salsoloides Willd. Identified associations with the growth of a rare endemic species of Dagestan S. daghestanica Salsolosum graminioso-xeroherbosum, Salsolosum graminioso-artemisosum, Caraganetum varioherboso-graminosum, Caraganetum salsoloso-artemisosum are found only in the territory of the Eastern Caucasus. Caraganetum salsoloso-artemisosum was described on three sample plots on the northwestern and eastern slopes of the Nadyrbek Ridge with a steepness of 30-40º (near the village of Dubki, Piedmont Dagestan). The shrub layer (crown density up to 45%) is formed by 12 species, dominated Salsola daghestanica (Turcz.) Turcz. and Caragana grandiflora (M. Bieb) DC. The total cover of the grass-shrub layer is up to 60%; the species richness is relatively low (40 species), dominated by Artemisia taurica Willd. Caraganetum varioherboso-graminosum is described on the northwestern slope of the Nadyrbek Ridge (near the village of Dubki, Foothill Dagestan) with a steepness of 40º. The shrub layer (total crown density 29%) is formed by 9 species, the dominant is the large-flowered Caragana grandiflora DC., the occurrence of which is 20%. The herb-shrub layer is sparse, with a coverage of 4-5% there are Artemisia taurica Willd., Stipa caragana Trin., Salvia canescens C.A. Mey., Melica transsilvanica Schur. Salsolosum graminioso-artemisosum communities are described on the slopes of the Chakulabek Ridge in the vicinity of the village of Tsudahar (Inner mountain Dagestan). In a sparse tree-shrub (12%), S. daghestanica dominates with a crown density of 10%, prevails Colutea orientalis L., Spiraea hypericifolia L. The total projective cover of the grass-shrub layer is 54%; species richness is relatively low; Artemisia taurica Willd is dominant in abundance and projective cover (50%). Salsolosum graminioso-xeroherbosum is described on the slopes of the Chonkataw Ridge in the vicinity of the village Gubden (Foothill Dagestan). The tree-shrub layer is dominated by S. daghestanica with a crown density of 42%. In the grass-shrub layer, the dominant species with a projective cover of 3 to 5% are Artemisia taurica Willd (4%) and representatives of the Poaceae family: Festuca varia Haenke (4%), Elytrigia gracillima (3%), Stipa daghestanica Grossh.) (3%).

It is necessary to create protected areas in the areas of growth of the studied species for the conservation of plants in situ. The results of community studies are presented for the first time and can be used in monitoring work on rare endemic species.

Keywords: Salsola daghestanica, Dagestan, Red Book, plant communities, flora, endemic.

Financing. The work was carried out on the topic of the State Task of the Mountain Botanical Garden of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences «Geoclimatic features of distribution and description of communities with populations of rare and resource tree species of the North Caucasus» No. 1021032423798-8-1.6.11.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-3-72-78

THE MAJOR NODES OF A BIODIVERSITY AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL PHENOMENA OF PLANT WORLD OF SOUTHERN SIBERIA

Arid Ecosystems

Namzalov B.B. THE MAJOR NODES OF A BIODIVERSITY AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL PHENOMENA OF PLANT WORLD OF SOUTHERN SIBERIA // Arid ecosystems. 2021. V.27. № 3 (88). P. 24-36.

The most important nodes are distinguished as standards of plant biodiversity in various sectors of Southern Siberia: A – Saylyugem – Mongun-Taiga in Gorny Altai and Western Tuva; B – Sangilen-Darkhat in Southeast Tuva and Mongolia; C – Selenginsk-Daursky (Western Transbaikalia) in Buryatia. In the mountains of the Saylyugem ridge and Mongun-Taiga, there are many mountainous Central Asian species located on the eastern border of their ranges – the share of border species is up to 40% (Сoluria geoides, Potentilla lydiae, Allium pallasii, Lonicera microphylla, Artemisia obtusiloba  and others). This points to the historical links of this western sector of South Siberia with Middle and Central Asia. Endemic species that have the highest diversity index (60%) give originality to the flora of the Sangilen Highlands. The presence of boundary species as western and eastern geographic orientations, including Caragana jubata, Cymbaria dahurica, Echinops latifolius, Onosma gmelinii, Oxytropis tragacantoides, Lonicera microphylla and others, also indicate intense migration phenomena in the mountains of the Sangilen-Darhat node. The West Transbaikal node in the south of Buryatia, characterized by the presence of relics of the nemoral flora of East Asia, is of particular interest. These are Ulmus pumila, Armeniaca sibirica, Rhamnus erythroxylon, Filifolium sibiricum, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Saposhnikovia divaricata. According to this indicator, the flora of the Selenga Dauria has the highest level of diversity (40%).

The work reveals the features of floristic wealth and the diversity of the steppes of Transbaikalia and the Baikalia region, and the natural factors that cause them. It is shown, that this is a consequence of the ecotonic position of the territory (zonal-provincial), but also of the global climatic influence (Pacific, arid Central Asia). The complexity and variegation of vegetation in the steppes of Baikal Siberia gave us various interpretations of the boundaries of individual provinces and districts in geobotanical zoning schemes. The most complex is the vegetation of the steppes and forest-steppe of the Selenginsk midlands of Western Transbaikalia, which has been identified as a special buffer province.

Keywords: area, flora, endemic, relic and border species, nodes of biodiversity, Altai, Tuva, Western Transbaikalia.

Funding. This work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation for Basic Research, Project № 15-44-04112р_Siberia_a – «Relict and endemic plants of Transbaikalia: analysis of populations state, ecological mapping of refugium and perspectives of genetic fund preservation», Project № 16-04-20813 – «Rare plants and phytocenoses of Baikal region and adjacent territories».

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2021-10160

DYNAMICS OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF SOILS AND FLORA AFTER A FOREST FIRE IN THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA

Arid Ecosystems

Grigorievskaya A.Ya., Gorbunova Yu.S., Devyatova T.A. DYNAMICS OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF SOILS AND FLORA AFTER A FOREST FIRE IN THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA // Arid ecosystems. 2021. V.27. № 3 (88). P. 37-44.

The 10-year dynamics of the catalase activity of leached chernozem was studied in order to determine the intensity and direction of redox processes in the post-pyrogenic ecosystem located in the forest-steppe of the European part of Russia. The results of studying the Pinus sylvestris formation with the coordinates of the background north latitude are presented (N 52° 30ʹ 39.2ʺ, E 38° 57ʹ 30.3ʺ), pyrogenic (N 52° 30ʹ 37.3ʺ, E 38° 57ʹ 28ʺ) areas after a forest fire in 2010. The species composition of plants in forest formations was revealed by laying test plots 20×20 m2 in size, within which 10 counting areas 1×1 m in size were described. The tiers were set according to the height of trees and grass stand. The plant communities are named by the method of listing the dominants established by the coverage. Abundance was counted according to O. Drude’s scale. Three phases of the restoration of the pyrogenic formation were identified: 1 – the phase of the ruderal phytocenosis (2010-2012), 2 – the phase of transformation of the ruderal phytocenosis (2014-2017), 3 – the initial phase of the restoration of the forest phytocenosis (2018-2020). Analysis of the catalase activity of the soil and the structural ecobiomorphological characteristics of the flora gives an opinion on the temporal aspect of the restoration of the forest ecosystem in the forest-steppe zone after a forest fire under conditions of moisture deficit. The absolute values of the regression coefficient of catalase activity in leached chernozem sharply decrease in the studied series of soils from background (0.42) to pyrogenic (0.15) and increase 10 years after the fire (0.23). Analysis of catalase activity and flora structure reflect the 10-year dynamics of the formation of a forest ecosystem with pyrogenic disturbance.

Keywords: flora, formation, pyrogenic and background site, catalase activity.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2021-10161

LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF VEGETATION RESTORATION OF INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPES AND CURRENT STATE OF NATURE MEADOW ECOSYSTEMS IN THE BYLYM ARID DEPRESSION (CENTRAL CAUCASUS)

Arid Ecosystems

Chadaeva V.A., Tsepkova N.L.,  Zhashuev A.Zh. LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF VEGETATION RESTORATION OF INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPES AND CURRENT STATE OF NATURE MEADOW ECOSYSTEMS IN THE BYLYM ARID DEPRESSION (CENTRAL CAUCASUS) // Arid ecosystems. 2020. V. 26. № 4 (85). P. 127-135. | PDF

Basic trends of dynamics of vegetation restoration on multiple-aged terraces of the tailings storage dam of Tyrnyauz plant were revealed by using the data of fifty-year geobotanical studies within Bylym arid basin. Steppe meadow vegetation is restored faster (20 years up to the formation stage of natural phytocenoses) on upper newly built terraces. Self-overgrowing of long-standing terraces at the foot of the dam is slower (50 years). On the contrary, soil formation is more intense on lower terraces. At present phytocenogenesis can’t be considered accomplished on the dam of the tailings storage. Formation of subalpine steppe meadows on dark-humus soils is predicted on the dam area against the background of low anthropogenic load.

Keywords: flora, industrial landscape, succession, dam of the tailings storage, meadow ecosystems, Central Caucasus.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2020-10127

PHYTO-DIVERSITY CONGITION OF PYROGENIC FORMATIONS OF USMANSKY FOREST IN VORONEZH REGION

Arid Ecosystems

Grigoryevskaya A.Ya., Devyatova T.A.,  Gorbunova Yu.S.,  Sorokina N.A. PHYTO-DIVERSITY CONGITION OF PYROGENIC FORMATIONS OF USMANSKY FOREST IN VORONEZH REGION // Arid ecosystems. 2019. V. 25. № 4 (81). P. 42-51. | PDF

We present the results of Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula formations (N 51° 48’ 30.1’’, E 39° 23’ 58.4’’) research made in 2015-2016 after the forest fire of 2010. The description of these formations has been started in 2012. The methods of the plant community structure analysis are important for cognition of their yearly ecological condition and detecting of plants sustainability to the pyrogenic factor. On the example of the background and pyrogenic associations of these formations we provide the data on the beginning of recovery of the phytocenosis structure and flora, dominants changes in the layers, projective cover increase and forest phytocenosis forming. We registered the decrease of species diversity and projective cover for weeds. The present list of flora has 84 species of 75 genera, 33 families and 2 divisions: Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta. The leading families are Poaceae with 12 species (14.1%), Asteraceae with 8 species (9.4%), and Fabaceae with 6 species (7%). The small spectrum of these leading families proves the high pyrogenic disturbance of the flora. The dominance of the rhizome plants (42 species or 44.6%) and small amount of sod grasses (4 species or 4.8%) indicate the advantage of the forest phytocenotic group. The xerophytic group (15 species or 7.9%) indicates the heightened illumination and lowered moisturizing of the formations after the fire. We revealed 8 geo-elements and 14 areas. European geo-element with 53 species (63.1%) and 12 areas types is the dominant.

Keywords: flora, formation, pyrogenic and background phytocenosis, association.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2019-10072