Архив метки: heavy metals

HEAVY METALS IN ECOSYSTEMS OF CRYOARID LANDSCAPES OF THE WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA

Arid Ecosystems

UDC  631.4

Chimitdorzhieva G.D., Bodeeva E.A., Chimitdorzhieva E.O. HEAVY METALS IN ECOSYSTEMS OF CRYOARID LANDSCAPES OF THE WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 62-70. | PDF

The results of experimental work on the study of the transformation flux of heavy metals: copper, zinc, nickel and lead from parent rocks into chestnut soils, then into virgin grass stand and humic substances are presented. The soil-forming rocks are deluvial and deluvial-proluvial deposits, as well as deposits of sands and pebbles, which, as a result of their weathering, movement and redeposition, determine the unequal granulometric, mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, affecting the composition of the soil cover. Chestnut soils are characterized by an arid climate, a long stay in a frozen state, low bioproductivity, low power, light particle size distribution, and low humus content. For the extraction of humic substances, the Grimme method was used. The determination of the content of trace elements was carried out by the atomic absorption method with direct electrothermal atomization of samples. Heavy metals were determined on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer – AAS-15 Perkin Elmer. It was revealed that, due to the depletion of rocks in copper and nickel, there are few of them in the soils, and there is more zinc and lead, which, respectively, is reflected in the vegetation and humus.

Keywords: heavy metals, humic substances, parent rocks, vegetation, chestnut soils, Western Transbaikalia.

Financing. The work was carried out on the topic of state task No. 121030100228-4 «Evolutionary-genetic, biogeochemical and productive functions of soils of the Baikal region as a component of the biosphere, assessment of their resource potential and development of technologies for rational use and protection» 2021-2022.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-62-70

ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS BY PLANTS OF THE GENUS ACHILLEA L. IN THE ARID CONDITIONS OF THE PLAIN ZONE OF DAGESTAN

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 574.2:582.998.2 (470.67)

Semenova V.V., Anatov D.M. ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS BY PLANTS OF THE GENUS ACHILLEA L. IN THE ARID CONDITIONS OF THE PLAIN ZONE OF DAGESTAN // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 1 (90). P. 98-105. | PDF

Received September 8, 2021. After  revisiou September 15, 2021. Accepted October 11, 2021

In the flat zone of Dagestan, arid mixed grasses steppes are common. As part of their herbage, yarrow plants are present, forming extensive thickets in the lowlands. For the first time in Dagestan, the accumulation of heavy metals in the organs of plants of the genus Achillea L. and in soils was studied. The content of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd in the aboveground and underground mass of plants of the genus Achillea L. was determined in natural and anthropogenic disturbed areas, as well as in the soils on which they grow. It has been established that the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in plant organs is influenced by pollution from motor vehicles. In Achillea nobilis plants selected in Uchkent and Stalskoye villages, the cadmium content exceeds the maximum permissible level by 1.2-1.7 times. According to the calculated coefficients of biogeochemical mobility, it was revealed that plants of anthropogenically disturbed habitats are characterized by a high accumulation of Fe, Cd, but low – Mn, Pb.

Keywords: Achillea millefolium L., Achillea nobilis L., Achillea biebersteinii Afan., heavy metals, aboveground and underground mass of plants, soil, pollution.

Financing. This work was carried out in the Laboratory of Soil and Plant Resources of the Caspian Institute of Biological Resources of the Russian Academy of Sciences, state assignment No. 0205-2016-0003 “Dynamics of Soil Cover and Ecosystems Bioproductivity in the Northwestern Caspian Region and Eastern Caucasus” (state registration No. АААА-А17-117081640024-6), and it was also funded by the Program of the Russian Academy of Sciences Presidium, No. 1.21 “Biological diversity of natural systems. Biological Resources of Russia: Assessment of their condition and basics of Monitoring”.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-1-99-106

BIOGEOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF PASTURE PLANT SPECIES IN THE LEAD, CADMIUM AND ARSENIC UPTAKE UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION

Arid Ecosystems

Belozubova N.Yu., Zubkova V.M. BIOGEOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF PASTURE PLANT SPECIES IN THE LEAD, CADMIUM AND ARSENIC UPTAKE UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION // Arid ecosystems. 2021. V.27. № 3 (88). P. 81-88.

Production of livestock products in the suburban areas of urban agglomerations, including in the Sarpinskaya lowland steppes – a territory favorable for animal husbandry, is economically profitable due to the proximity to produce processing and consumers.

At the same time, such zones are subject to the airborne technogenic impact of urban industrial enterprises, which are sources of heavy metals and arsenic entering the ecosystems (Belozubova, 2011). In this regard, the study of the distribution of pollutant elements in agrocenoses adjacent to industrial centers is becoming increasingly important.

The biogeochemical activity of plants belonging to the legume family (Fabaceae) – plaster clover (Melilotus officinális (L.) Pall.) and arctic clover (Melilotus albus (Medik.) H. Ohashi & Y. Tateishi), the family of cereals (Poaceae) – couch-grass (Elytrígia répens (L.) Nevski), desert wheatgrass (Agropýron desertorum (Fisch.) Schultes) and common reed grass (Phrágmites communis Trin.), the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae) – common orach (Átriplex patula L.) was researched.

A high degree of arsenic accumulation by the roots of all studied plants, except plaster clover (Melilotus officinális (L.) Pall.); the highest biogeochemical activity in the uptake of Pb, Cd and As by the aerial part of the common orach (Átriplex patula L.) and the roots of the desert wheatgrass (Agropýron desertorum (Fisch.) Schultes) were found.

Keywords: Volgograd Region, Sarpinskaya lowland, light-chestnut soils, pasture plants, pollution, heavy metals, arsenic.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2021-10167

ZN, CU, PB, CD, AND NI LEVELS IN TISSUES AND ORGANS OF THE MAIN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE LOWER VOLGA ICHTHIOFAUNA

Arid Ecosystems

Bulakhtina G.K.,  Bakaneva A.A., Kudryashov A.V. , Kudryashova N.I. Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, AND Ni LEVELS IN TISSUES AND ORGANS OF THE MAIN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE LOWER VOLGA ICHTHIOFAUNA // Arid ecosystems. 2020. V. 26. № 4 (85). P. 157-162. | PDF

This article shows the results of studies of the content of heavy metals (zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and nickel) in the muscles and liver of the main commercial fish that belong to different levels of the trophic chain, such as pike, perch, roach and bream caught in the Astrakhan region Chernoyarsky district and in the water of the Volga river. The distribution of metals in the body of hydrobionts is uneven and depends on the properties of the metal itself and the functional characteristics of the organs. It was found that the content of these metals in the water of the Volga River and in the muscles of the hydrobionts does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). The purpose of our work was to determine the content of heavy metals in the tissues (muscles) and organs (liver) of the most important commercial fish in the Volga River basin within the Astrakhan region (Chernoyarsky district) and assess the safety of their use as food raw materials. Water samples were taken for GOST 31861-2012. The content of heavy metals in water was determined by the method of inversion voltammetry on the TA-2M analyzer, in muscle tissue and liver was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry on the Kvant-2A device. At the highest concentration, heavy metals (mg/kg) are found in the internal organs (the liver) – 0.14-39.6 mg/kg, and the smallest amount falls on the unit of muscle mass – 0.038-8.13 mg/kg .

Keywords: heavy metals, Volga river, water, hydrobionts, maximum permissible concentration (MPC), links, toxicant.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2020-10131