Архив метки: phytoplankton

BIODIVERSITY OF HYDROBIONTS IN SODA, CHLORIDE, AND SULPHATE LAKES (TRANSBAIKALIA, RUSSIA)

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 574.58 (571.54/55)

Bazarova B.B., Borzenko S.V., Tashlykova N.A., Afonina E.Yu., Matafonov P.V.,  Tsybekmitova G.Ts., Kuklin A.P. BIODIVERSITY OF HYDROBIONTS IN SODA, CHLORIDE, AND SULPHATE LAKES (TRANSBAIKALIA, RUSSIA) // Arid Ecosystems. 2023. Vol. 29. № 4 (97). P. 187-201. | PDF

The article presents the results of a comprehensive hydrochemical and hydrobiological study of 13 different lakes in Transbaikalia carried out in July 2022. Based on cluster analysis of the hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators, the studied lakes were divided into three groups: 1) brackish soda lakes; 2) chloride and sulfate lakes and one salty soda lake, Lake Shvartsevskoye; and 3) soda brine lakes. It was found that the number of species of different groups of hydrobionts decreases with increasing salinity of water. At the same time, the number of species of different groups of hydrobionts does not depend on the chemical type of water. However, the dominant composition of primary producers in lakes of different types differs. Two new species of macroalgae (Stigeoclonium flagelliferum Kütz., Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth.) Harv.) were identified for Transbaikalia. After more than a 100-year hiatus, the presence of Ruppia maritime L. was confirmed in the aquatic flora of Siberian Baikal. Galotolerant species dominate in the zooplankton of the lakes. In the dominant structure of the zoobenthos of brine and salty lakes, Artemia shrimp and Ephydridae flies are prevalent. In deeper brackish lakes, representatives of the Chironomidae mosquito family are permanent dominants. Quantitative indicators of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities are characterized by an inverse relationship. For example, during the massive development of cryptophytic algae in brine water bodies, the numerical values and biomass of zooplankton are minimal. No specific tendencies were identified in the range of fluctuations in the biomass of zoobenthos and the phytomass of aquatic plants. The trophic structure of heterotrophs in sulfate and chloride lakes is presented in the zooplankton by a grazing chain, while detritivores dominate in the zoobenthos.

Keywords: salinity, phytoplankton, macrophytes, zoobenthos, zooplankton, primary production, chlorophyll a.

Funding. This work was carried out for the Grant No. 22-17-00035 of the Russian Science Foundation “Ecology and Evolution of Aquatic Ecosystems under Conditions of Climatic Fluctuations and Anthropogenic Pressure”.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2023-4-187-201

EDN: SWFILX

HYDROCHEMISTRY AND HYDROBIOLOGY OF THE TECHNOGENIC RESERVOIRS OF MINING TERRITORY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN TRANSBAIKALIA

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 574.583+574.635+550.42(571.55)

Afonina E.Yu., Tashlykova N.A., Zamana L.V., Kuklin A.P., Chechel L.P., Abramova V.A. HYDROCHEMISTRY AND HYDROBIOLOGY OF THE TECHNOGENIC RESERVOIRS OF MINING TERRITORY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN TRANSBAIKALIA // Arid Ecosystems. 2022. Vol. 28. № 4 (93). P. 189-200. | PDF

Water bodies of anthropogenic genesis, as a special component of the technogenic landscape, are characterized by ecological conditions that differ from natural ones. There are limited catchment area, low thickness of bottom sediments, and high content of metals, metalloids and solids. The objects of our study are various lacustrine formations formed during the development of mineral deposits in Eastern Transbaikalia. In present paper, the hydrochemical composition and hydrobiont species diversity and structure have been characterized by technogenic reservoirs of mining territories, different in formation and their purposes. Algae and zooplankton of technogenic water bodies in the arid region are being studied for the first time. The investigated waters of technogenic reservoirs have various morphometric, physical and chemical characteristics with a wide range of pH values (2.99–8.80), total dissolved solids (85.9–9065 mg/l), ore and accompanying elements. By chemical composition, water relates to sulfate and bicarbonate-sulfate one with different ratios of magnesium and calcium. The algal flora and zooplankton species diversity in the studied water bodies is low (75 taxa of plankton algae, 8 taxa of macroalgae, 63 species and subspecies of plankton invertebrates), which is obviously associated with the extreme ecological conditions, where the species richness is a consequence of the influence of physical and chemical conditions of the habitat. The micro- and macro-component composition, total mineralization are the determining factors for the Cryptophyta abundance and biomass and the content of bicarbonates determines the density of Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta, Charophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Dynophyta. Quantitative indicators of zooplankton are positively related to the concentration of ammonium nitrogen (for Crustacea) and negatively to pH (Rotifera).

Keywords: deposit, technogenic water bodies, hydrochemical composition, phytoplankton, macroalgae, zooplankton.

Financing. The work was carried out within the framework of the state task of fundamental scientific research, state registration no. 121032200070-2.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-4-189-200

EDN: JMGUYF