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ISSN 1993-3916

Arid Ecosystems

The “Arid Ecosystems” journal was organized by the decision of General Biology Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Архив метки: precipitation

HYDROECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE WATER REGIME OF SPRING FLOOD IN THE UPPER REACHES BASIN OF THE ARPA RIVER

Arid Ecosystems

UDK 556.535.3

Margayan V.G., Gaidukova E.V.,  Azizyan L.V., Myakisheva N.V. HYDROECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE WATER REGIME OF SPRING FLOOD IN THE UPPER REACHES BASIN OF THE ARPA RIVER // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 3-12. | PDF

The article discusses the long-term trends in river flow change of spring floods and hydroecological and water management consequences of climate change in the upper river Arpa. The study used data on average daily water discharge and water temperature in the river section Jermuk of the Arpa River, also data on the main meteorological elements at the Jermuk meteorological station located in the upper reaches basin of the Arpa river.

It is presented that one of the most important characteristics of the flood is maximum water discharge during the spring flood. Absolute maximum discharges vary by range from 8.26 to 199 m3/s, average maximum flow rates — from 1.86 to 116 m3/s.

Discussed and evaluated the interannual change in the dates of the beginning, end, duration and volume of spring flood runoff, also temperatures surface layer of air and atmospheric precipitation for December-February and for April-June, maximum water reserve as snow, water temperature for April-June.

It is shown that over the past 28 years, the volume of floods and their duration diminished, the dates are shifted towards earlier dates, the maximum water discharge during the flood period decreases. It was revealed as well that winter and spring-summer (for April-June) average air temperatures increase, winter precipitation increases, the maximum supply of water in the snow decreases. As a consequence of modern changes in the hydrological regime of spring floods numerous hydroecological and water management problems are

It is noted that interannual fluctuations show the clearly visible fracture in the course of average monthly volumes of spring floods at the beginning-middle of 1990-ies after which the period of significant and stable lowering of discharges began. Typically maximum values water (as well as air) temperatures are observed in July – August, and minimum — in December – January (air temperature) and in January (water temperature). Average monthly water temperatures in winter season (December – March) at the Jermuk section of the Arpa river are positive, negative temperatures are observed rarely, in single winters with severe frosts. Negative air temperature values are recorded mainly from the second half of November and last until the end of March. The average water temperature on the river Arpa — Jermuk settlement for the period April-June is 4.9°C, average annual temperature of air and soil surface at the Jermuk meteorological station – 8.6°C and 11.7°C, respectively.

It is presented that one of the most important characteristics of the flood is maximum water discharge during the spring flood. The value and date of the onset of the maximum water discharge correlate with the amount of snow reserves, the intensity of the inflow of warm air and precipitation. Absolute maximum costs vary by range from 8.26 to 199 m3/s, average maximum flow rates – from 1.86 to 116 m3/s.

It is noted that present climatic changes lead to significant degradation of high water as phases of the water regime in the upper part of the Arpa River basin: increase in winter season surface air temperature is the main reason for the decrease of water content of spring in the upper reaches of the river Arpa.

Correlations between the values of the volumes of the spring floods in the upper reaches of the river Arpa, calculated from April to June and from the beginning floods before its end are presented in the paper. This dependency can be used to estimating, calculating, and also checking the volume of spring floods, if we have the data of  the volume runoff for April – June.

Keywords: Arpa river, Key words: spring flood, air and water temperatures, precipitation, maximum water reserve in snow, interannual variation, hydroecological and water management problems, the upper reaches of the Arpa River.

Financing. The study was carried out with the financial support of the   Committee of Science of the Republic of Armenia and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) within the framework of the joint scientific program 20RF-039 «Short-term probabilistic forecast of river flow during the spring flood» and No. 20-55-05006\20.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-3-12

ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA FOR THE PERIOD 1966-2017

Arid Ecosystems

Shumova N.А. Analysis of climatic conditions in the Republic of Kalmykia for the period 1966-2017 // Arid ecosystems. 2020. V. 26. № 3 (84). P. 23-29. | PDF

The work is based on an analysis of the dynamics of air temperature, precipitation and the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov for the period from 1966 to 2017 based on data from the Yashkul meteorological station (Republic of Kalmykia). The construction and analysis of difference integral curves made it possible to identify periods with increased (in comparison with the average) and reduced values of the studied quantities. It is concluded that the leading role belongs to precipitation in the formation of hydrothermal conditions of the territory for the studied time interval and humid warming.

Key words: air temperature, precipitation, hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov, humid warming, Republic of Kalmykia.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2020-10103

ASSESSMENT OF SPATIAL – TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF ARID ECOSYSTEMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

Arid Ecosystems

Garmaev E.Zh.,  Ayurzhanaev A.A.,  Tsydypov B.Z.,  Alymbaeva Zh.B.,  Sodnomov B.V., Andreev S.G.,  Zharnikova M.A.,  Batomunkuev V.S.,  Mandakh N., Salikhov T.K.,  Tulohonov А.К.  ASSESSMENT  OF  SPATIAL – TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF ARID ECOSYSTEMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA // Arid ecosystems. 2020. V. 26. № 2 (83). P. 34-42. | PDF

Climate change and human activity on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia intensify the processes of desertification and land degradation. Zoning of the territory of Buryatia was carried out according to the aridity index using ENVIREM high spatial resolution climatic data. Based on the correlation analysis of the time series of the NDVI AVHRR vegetation index, meteorological series of the NCEP / NCAR reanalysis and field studies, a quantitative assessment of the long-term changes in vegetation cover in arid and humid zones was carried out. Maps of the spatial distribution of linear trends of NDVI and precipitation for 1982-2015 with the separation of wet (1982-1999) and dry periods (2000-2015) were obtained. During the wet period, positive NDVI trends are observed for almost the entire territory of the Republic, while the dry period is characterized by a significant increase in the negative trends of the vegetation index. The positive correlation between the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient and NDVI is observed for intermountain steppificated hollows, negative for forest landscapes. The dynamics of NDVI of steppe vegetation largely depends on precipitation, the dynamics of NDVI of forests — on temperature. Reforestation, post-pyrogenic succession, shrubbing of abandoned fields, etc., cause the increase of NDVI. Negative NDVI trends are typical for steppe ecosystems under conditions of decreasing precipitation, and for forest vegetation prone to cuttings and fires.

Keywords: Buryatia, arid zones, vegetation, NDVI, Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient, precipitation, trend, reanalysis, dendrochronology.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2020-10093

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDIFICATION AS A FACTOR OF LAND DEGRADATION NEUTRALITY OF FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES

Arid Ecosystems

Kuderina T.M.,  Suslova S.B.,  Lunin V.N.,  Kudikov A.V. ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDIFICATION AS A FACTOR OF LAND DEGRADATION NEUTRALITY OF FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES // Arid ecosystems. 2020. V. 26. № 2 (83). P. 80-85. | PDF

An analysis of meteorological observations in the area of the Kursk biosphere station of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences over the past 40 years has been carried out. A steady increase in temperature is shown, against which an increase in the deficit of precipitation is observed. Moreover, precipitation is characterized by high instability and contrast distribution over the years, an increase in the number and duration of dry periods. For forest-steppe landscapes, precipitation, especially snow reserves, is an important source of moisture, on which their functioning depends. In agrolandscapes, a lack of moisture is observed, which contributes to deeper freezing of soils, deterioration of their water permeability, development of surface runoff of meltwater from fields, leading to landscape degradation. Atmospheric humidification in forest-steppe landscapes is a significant factor determining their functioning and can be used as a local LDN indicator.

Keywords: atmospheric moisture, precipitation, snow accumulation, moisture reserves, forest-steppe landscapes, neutral balance of land degradation, indicator.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2020-10099

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