Архив метки: organic matter

SOILS OF ARID TERRITORIES IN THE CENTRAL PART OF KALMYKIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PRIYUTNENSKY DISTRICT)

Arid Ecosystems

UDC  631.412

Mukabenova R.A., Mandzhieva S.S., Adyanova A.B., Dzhimbeev N.V., Sayanov V.T., Buluktaev A.A. SOILS OF ARID TERRITORIES IN THE CENTRAL PART OF KALMYKIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PRIYUTNENSKY DISTRICT) // Arid Ecosystems. 2023. Vol. 29. № 4 (97). P. 73-80. | PDF

This article presents the characteristics of the soils of the Republic of Kalmykia on the example of the Priyutnensky district. Such indicators of soil fertility as organic matter, the reaction of the aqueous extract medium (hydrogen index – pH), salt composition and the degree of alkalinity of soils of 5 settlements of the Priyutnensky district of the Republic of Kalmykia were studied.. The content of organic carbon (Сorg) was studied by the method of I.V. Tyurin modified by V.N. Simakov (GOST 26213-91), pH of the soil solution by the potentiometric method (GOST 26483-85). The chemical composition of soils was studied by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy using a MAKS — GV spectroscan. As a result of studies conducted on salt and light chestnut soils of the Priyutnensky district, the predominance of arable soils with low and very low organic matter content (less than 3.5%) was revealed. The reaction of the soil solution is slightly alkaline and alkaline. The soils are saline in the upper surface layer (0-20 cm), the content of exchangeable magnesium does not exceed 0.74%, the content of calcium is 0.96 %, carbonates are present. It has been established that minimum pH values are observed on the edge of settlements, maximum values are observed on the territory of an educational institution, or in the center of a settlement. The chloride content in the soils of the research objects was not the same. There was no pronounced dependence of other soil parameters in all settlements from the center to the background.

Keywords: fertility, salt composition, organic matter, cations, acidity.

Funding. The article was prepared within the framework of the state subsidy for the project «Asymmetrically developing territories facing traditional and new challenges: a study of the dynamics of socio-economic processes and the variability of the environmental situation» (state registration no. 122022700133-9).

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2023-4-73-80

EDN: HWQWRM

HUMUS STATUS OF SOILS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS OF THE EARLY IRON AGE (REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN)

Arid Ecosystems

Kungurtsev A.J., Suleymanov R., Ovsyannikov V.V., Savelyev N.S., Abakumov E.V., Asylbaev I.G. HUMUS STATUS OF SOILS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS OF THE EARLY IRON AGE (REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN) // Arid ecosystems. 2021. V.27. № 4 (88). P. 59-69. | PDF

The organic matter of modern and buried humus horizons of soils has been studied on the example of the archaeological monuments Akberdinskoe-II, Shipovskoe and Okhlebininskoe-II settlement (Kara-Abyz culture of the early Iron Age of the IV century BC — the turn of the II-I centuries BC). Archaeological sites are located on the territory of the Iglinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan within the forest-steppe zone. Morphological and physico-chemical properties of soils are determined. Additionally, methods of spectrophotometry and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used. On the territory of archaeological sites, dark gray forest soils of loamy granulometric composition are common. The thickness of the daytime and buried humus horizons of soils is 11-30 cm . Organic matter is represented by fulvate-humate, humate and humate-fulvate types of humus. The group composition is dominated by humic acids, and among the fractions of humic acids – the fraction of GC-2. The results of spectrophotometry showed a more mature state of the aromatic part of humic acid molecules for buried humus horizons compared to modern humus horizons. Humic acid molecules of the organic matter of modern humus horizons, according to the results of 13C NMR spectroscopy, correspond to the conditions of the chernozem type of soil formation. In general, the modern intensification of climate aridization in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan originates, according to archaeologists, from the middle of the IV century BC and the turn of the II-I centuries BC In the soil cover of archaeological sites at the time of observation of the change in the type of soil formation was not found.

Keywords: organic matter, archaeological monument, buried soils, Kara-Abyz culture, forest-steppe.

Funding. This research was carried out within the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences) No. 075-00326-19-00, Theme “Studying the Risks of Soils Desertification in the Steppe Zone of the South Ural Region: Factors, Trends and Development of Ways to Reduce Its Negative Consequences” No. AAAA-A18-118022190102-3; and supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project No. 17-11-02001-OGN “Cultural and Historical Processes and Changes of the Natural and Climatic Conditions during the Early Iron Age in the Forest-Steppe Territory of Aral Region” (Institute of History, Language and Literature of Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences). The humic acids were studied in the Scientific Park of Saint Petersburg State University (“Magnetic-Resonance Research Methods” and “Methods for Analysis of Matter Composition” resource centers).

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2021-4-59-69

CHERNOZEMS OF WESTERN TRANSBAIKAL: DISTRIBUTION, FERTILITY ELEMENTS, ORGANIC MATTER, HUMUS, CROPS

Arid Ecosystems

Chimitdorzhieva G.D. CHERNOZEMS OF WESTERN TRANSBAIKAL: DISTRIBUTION, FERTILITY ELEMENTS, ORGANIC MATTER, HUMUS, CROPS // Arid ecosystems. 2020. V. 26. № 4 (85). P. 136-143. | PDF

The chernozems of Transbaikal, along with chestnut soils, are intensively used in agriculture of the region. Their humus level is low (4.2%), they have a light particle size distribution and are spreading in patches, mostly on the various slopes, and are subject to deflation. Their biological activity is low due to their deep level of freezing (4 m) and slow thawing. The microorganisms are distributed only in their surface layers. The amounts of annual fresh organic matter are low, their destruction is slow. Humus is fulvic-humate with a high content of non-hydrolyzable residue (48%). The harvest of spring wheat in the farms of the region is 12-13 cwt/ha. Only by application of the sparing agriculture and adaptive land management methods, the harvest can be increased up to 21 cwt/ha.

Keywords: chernozems, organic matter, humus, fertility, West Baikal Region.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2020-10128