Архив метки: rare species

ONTOGENETIC STRUCTURE OF POPULATIONS OF RINDERA TETRASPIS PALL. (BORAGINACEAE) IN ORENBURG REGION

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 58.009:582.948.25

Mustafina A.N., Abramova L.M., Karimova O.A. ONTOGENETIC STRUCTURE OF POPULATIONS OF RINDERA TETRASPIS PALL. (BORAGINACEAE) IN ORENBURG REGION // Arid Ecosystems. 2023. Vol. 29. № 4 (97). P. 48-55. | PDF

Assessment of the current state of populations of rare plant species using population-ontogenetic methods is used in solving problems of conservation and restoration of natural communities. The object of the study was a rare species of the European part of Russia – Rindera tetraspis Pall. is a little-studied steppe endemic species, declining in numbers. The aim of the study was to study the features of the ontogenetic structure and the current state of coenopopulations (CP) of R. tetraspis in the Cis-Urals of the Orenburg region. In 2016-19 a survey of three administrative districts of the Cis-Urals of the Orenburg region was carried out, as a result, 6 CPs were identified and studied. An assessment of the phytocenotic confinement of the CP was carried out using traditional geobotanical methods. The leading population characteristics are determined: the density of individuals, the ontogenetic composition. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that the predominant type of vegetation is desert viticultural, wormwood-brittle-grass-grass calcephytic and curly bluegrass-tyrs steppe communities. The total density in the examined CPs varies from 4.7 to 10.7 ind./m2, the effective density is 3.2-5.9 ind./m2. Ontogeny is described, 8 ontogenetic states are revealed, senile individuals are not found. All the studied CPs of R. tetraspis are normal incomplete, the peak falls on middle-aged generative individuals. According to the delta-omega classification, 3 CPs are young, 2 are transitional, and one is mature. The state of the studied populations is relatively satisfactory. But out of the six studied CPs, only one CP is protected, it is located in the «Troitsky Chalk Mountains». To strengthen the protection of the species, constant monitoring of the state of populations is necessary.

Keywords: rare species, Rindera tetraspis Pall., Boraginaceae, Orenburg region, cоenopopulation, density, ontogenetic structure.

Funding. The work was carried out on the topic of the UUBSI of the UFIC RAS «Biodiversity of natural systems and plant resources of Russia: assessment of the state and monitoring of dynamics, problems of conservation, reproduction, increase and rational use» within the framework of the state task for 2022 of the UFIC RAS No. 075-03-2022-001 dated 14.01.2022.

DOI: OWOUIU

EDN: 10.24412/1993-3916-2023-4-48-55

CURRENT STATE OF CENOPOPULATIONS OF SOME ENDEMIC AND RARE SPECIES OF GENUS TULIPA L. (LILIACEAE) IN TASHKENT REGION (UZBEKISTAN)

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 581.4:55

Beshko N.Yu., Abduraimov O.S., Kadyrov U.Kh., Madaminov F.M., Makhmudov A.V. CURRENT STATE OF CENOPOPULATIONS OF SOME ENDEMIC AND RARE SPECIES OF GENUS TULIPA L. (LILIACEAE) IN TASHKENT REGION (UZBEKISTAN) // Arid Ecosystems. 2023. Vol. 29. № 3 (96). P. 68-80. | PDF

The study of the ontogenetic structure of the coenotic populations of vulnerable, endemic and rare plant species allows us to assess their state under the conditions of anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems and develop the scientific basis for their protection. Central Asia is considered as one of the centers of origin and diversity of the genus Tulipa L. 34 species of tulips are recorded for the flora of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 19 species of them (55.88%) are threatened due to the collection of flowers and bulbs, overgrazing and habitat loss, and listed in the national Red Data Book. The paper is devoted to the assessment of the current state of 13 coenotic populations of 5 rare and endemic species of the genus Tulipa L. (T. borszczowii, T. butkovii, T. dubia, T. greigii, T. korolkowii) growing in the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan in areas with different environmental regimes and levels of anthropogenic pressure. It has been found that 8 studied coenopopulations are normal and complete; 5 populations are incomplete, without senile individuals, this is a biological feature of the genus Tulipa. 6 coenopopulations are of the left-sided type, their ontogenetic spectrum fits with the characteristic spectrum of the genus Tulipa; 4 coenopopulations have a centered type of spectrum and 3 are bimodal. The low ratio of young individuals in some coenopopulations can be explained by the impact of overgrazing, as well as high competition with other species in the community. It is recommended to include Tulipa borszczowii, a rare endemic of the Central Asian deserts, and Tulipa butkovii, national endemic and local endemic to the Chatkal Ridge, in the next edition of the Red Data Book of Uzbekistan. It is recommended to create a protected area (wildlife sanctuary or natural monument) for conservation of the relic sandy massif of Dalverzin Sands in the Tashkent region.

Keywords: anthropogenic press, Red Data Book, ontogenetic structure, rare species, Uzbekistan, coenotic population, endemic, Liliaceae, Tulipa L.

Financing. The work was carried out as part of the state research programs of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan “Cadaster of Flora of the Tashkent Region” (2020-2022) and “Assessment of the Current State of Populations and Creation of a Living Collection of Economically Valuable Species of Wild Relatives of Cultivated Plants of the Flora of Uzbekistan” (2021-2024).

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2023-3-68-80

EDN: PHWIBU

HYDROECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE AGRAKHAN BAY AND POSSIBILITIES FOR ITS IMPROVEMENT

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 556.545, 574.5, 639.2/3

Magritsky D.V., Goncharov A.V., Moreido V.M., Samokhin M.A., Abdusamadov A.S., Kuptsov S.V., Dzhamirzoev G.S., Erina O.N., Sokolov D.I., Arkhipkin V.S., Tereshina M.A., Surkov V.V., Semenova A.A. Hydroecological Condition of the Agrakhan Bay and Possibilities for Its Improvement // Arid Ecosystems. 2022. Vol. 28. № 4 (93). P. 163-178. | PDF

In the XX century, as a result of a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors, there was a significant transformation of the Agrakhan Bay on the eastern coast of the Terek Delta. The comprehensive studies carried out in 2018-2020 made it possible to identify the main causes of this degradation, characterize the current state of the reservoir and scientifically substantiate recommendations for its improvement. It is shown that as a result of shallowing and reduction of the area of the water mirror, the bay has lost its former significance as a spawning and growing reservoir that provides the Western Caspian region with young valuable commercial fish species. Catches by 2018 fell by 10 times compared to the beginning of the XX century; sturgeon, which used to be famous for the Agrakhan Bay, practically disappeared. Especially unfavorable is the state of the northern part of the bay, which has turned into a group of shallow reservoirs, little connected with each other and with the sea. And the situation continues to deteriorate every year.

The study of hydrological-morphological, hydrobiological, fishery, hydrochemical parameters showed that there is hope for improving the condition of wetlands on the site of the former bay. A detailed analysis of the water balance using multivariate limnological calculations showed that there is sufficient water for flooding and partial restoration of water bodies of the hydrographic system of the Agrakhan Bay. Clearing silted and overgrown channels, deepening and collapsing of preserved reservoirs, directing the necessary volumes of river water to the Northern and Southern Agrakhan (in accordance with the calculated supply schedule), will reduce overgrowth and siltation of water bodies, restore water exchange between them, improve water quality, revive the fisheries of the region, improve the habitat conditions of many rare and protected animal species, increase the recreational attractiveness of the region.

Keywords: Agrakhan Bay, Caspian Sea, fisheries, degradation of the bay, water quality, ecological condition, ecological rehabilitation, spawning-growing reservoirs, rare species, hydrological modeling.

Financing. The collection and analysis of materials was carried out under a state contract with the West Caspian STB No. NIR-18-01. The preparation of the article was carried out within the framework of the research of the Department of Land Hydrology of the Geographical Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University, carried out within the framework of the state task (CITIS number: 121051400038-1).

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-4-163-178

EDN: IBMCGO

ASSESSMENT OF POPULATIONS OF A RARE SPECIES OF COMMON FIG (FICUS CARICA L.) IN ARID CONDITIONS OF DAGESTAN

Arid Ecosystems

Gabibova A.R., Gasainieva Z.A., Zalibekov M.D. ASSESSMENT OF POPULATIONS OF A RARE SPECIES OF COMMON FIG (FICUS CARICA L.) IN ARID CONDITIONS OF DAGESTAN // Arid ecosystems. 2021. V.27. № 3 (88). P. 45-51.

Figs (Ficus carica L.) are one of the oldest species of fruit trees grown in the world. The territory of Dagestan is the northern border of the distribution of figs. The protection of rare plant and animal species is justified by the value of these species as components of arid ecosystems, for the preservation of which it is necessary to know the reasons for their decline. A positive solution to these problems is seen in the study and development of new technologies for the conservation of the biodiversity of arid ecosystems. In this paper, we analyze the diversity of 14 morphological features. The results of the studies showed significant variability in all the studied natural habitats between fig plants. There are three groups of biomorphotypes, which appear depending on the growing conditions: 1) a tree with 2-3 trunks, up to 6-7 m high-Untsukul; 2) a shrub up to 3-5 m high – Dzhalgan and Dagestan Lights; 3) a shrub up to 1.5 m high-Sarykum and Oaks. Given that F. carica is listed in the Red Book of Dagestan (2009) and grows in this region at the edge of its range (the northern border of the species ‘ distribution). The study of its diversity is of great scientific and practical interest. The data of the conducted studies of the populations of the rare species F. carica in Dagestan, the assessment of its condition and recommendations for protection are of monitoring importance and are presented for inclusion in the latest edition of the «Red Book of the Republic of Dagestan».

Keywords: Ficus carica, fig, coenopopulation, variability, morphological diversity, red book species, rare species, species protection, Dagestan.

Funding. This work was carried out within the state assignment No. АААА—А19-119020890099-4 “Structural and Functional Features of Plant Communities with Populations of Rare and Resource Tree Species (on the Example of the Eastern Caucasus)”.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2021-10162