Архив метки: landscape

ANALYSIS OF THE VARIABILITY OF AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN SEMI-DESERT AND DESERT LANDSCAPES OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSE

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 551.583.13

Kerimov I.A., Bratkov V.V., Bekmurzaeva L.R. ANALYSIS OF THE VARIABILITY OF AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN SEMI-DESERT AND DESERT LANDSCAPES OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSE // Arid Ecosystems. 2023. Vol. 29. № 4 (97). P. 148-153. | PDF

The aim of the study is a modern assessment of the agro-climatic resources of the semi-desert and desert landscapes of the North Caucasus. The methods of mathematical statistics used in agroclimatology are used to analyze changes in average monthly and annual air temperatures, growing season, precipitation, hydrothermal coefficient according to five weather stations with a long series of observations. Within the semi-desert and desert landscapes of the North Caucasus, there is an increase in annual air temperature for the period under review by an average of 0.86°C compared to the previous period. The sum of active temperatures increased by 9-11%. The duration of the period increased when passing through 0°C for 17 days, 5°C for 15 days, 10°C for 10 days and 15°C for 8 days. An increase in precipitation is noted at all meteorological stations, except for Makhachkala. On average, precipitation increased by 36 mm. The HTC varies from 0.5 to 0.7 and is within the limits of natural fluctuation. Modern agro-climatic changes within the semi-desert and desert landscapes of the North Caucasus are characterized by an improvement in the conditions for heat and moisture supply to the territory. These conditions are favorable for the cultivation of melons and all types of grape varieties, with the exception of very late ones.

Keywords: modern agro-climatic changes, landscape, temperature, precipitation, hydrothermal coefficient, vegetation period.

Funding. The work was carried out within the framework of the state task No. FZNU-2021-0002 of the Grozny State Petroleum Technical University «Assessment of the variability of agro-climatic conditions of the North Caucasus in connection with global climate changes».

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2023-4-148-153

EDN: URYUAI

STABILITY OF PHYTOMASS DYNAMICS IN PROTECTED LOW MOUNTAIN-STEPPE LANDSCAPES AND PASTURES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 911.2 (470.56)

Khoroshev A.V. STABILITY OF PHYTOMASS DYNAMICS IN PROTECTED LOW MOUNTAIN-STEPPE LANDSCAPES AND PASTURES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 3 (92). P. 3-13. | PDF

In the steppe zone, the high sensitivity of the vegetation cover to humidification contrasts raises the question of the dependence of the intraseasonal dynamics of phytomass on the spatial pattern of vegetation cover and relief in a landscape. We performed a case study in the Aituarskaya steppe (Orenburg region) to test the hypothesis about the inequality of the spatial factors of variability of functioning under the conditions of the reserve regime and pasture impact. Based on the frequency of occurrence of five gradations of deviations of the intraseasonal increments of the vegetation index NDVI from the mean values, the measure of instability of the types of dynamics of green phytomass (Shannon’s index) was calculated. The relationship between the types of dynamics and the types of natural boundaries, due to belonging to the relief forms with the characteristic types of phytocenoses, has been established. Areas of the most unstable phytoproductive functioning are characteristic of valleys with meadow steppes. The reserve regime stabilizes the dynamics of phytomass due to a higher subordination to landscape-scale climatic processes. On grazed areas, frequent changes in the variants of phytomass increments are more characteristic and dependence on local factors (e.g., stoniness, groundwater level) increases. In the pasture area, in some places, the dominant dynamics becomes with an intensive late spring accumulation of phytomass and a small decrease or renewal by the end of summer due to an increase in the proportion of non-palatable and grazing-resistant species.

Keywords: steppe, landscape, reserve, pasture, phytomass, NDVI, seasonal dynamics, stability, relief, Urals.

Acknowledgements. Expressing gratitude to D.E. Sharova, O.M. Podgorny, I.V. Volovinsky, G.M. Leonova for participation in field research and arrangement of remote materials and to reviewers for constructive comments.

Financing. The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-05-00464 «Spatial structure as a factor of stability of landscape functioning», 2020-2022.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-3-3-13