Архив рубрики: article-2-2022

HYDROECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE WATER REGIME OF SPRING FLOOD IN THE UPPER REACHES BASIN OF THE ARPA RIVER

Arid Ecosystems

UDK 556.535.3

Margayan V.G., Gaidukova E.V.,  Azizyan L.V., Myakisheva N.V. HYDROECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE WATER REGIME OF SPRING FLOOD IN THE UPPER REACHES BASIN OF THE ARPA RIVER // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 3-12. | PDF

The article discusses the long-term trends in river flow change of spring floods and hydroecological and water management consequences of climate change in the upper river Arpa. The study used data on average daily water discharge and water temperature in the river section Jermuk of the Arpa River, also data on the main meteorological elements at the Jermuk meteorological station located in the upper reaches basin of the Arpa river.

It is presented that one of the most important characteristics of the flood is maximum water discharge during the spring flood. Absolute maximum discharges vary by range from 8.26 to 199 m3/s, average maximum flow rates — from 1.86 to 116 m3/s.

Discussed and evaluated the interannual change in the dates of the beginning, end, duration and volume of spring flood runoff, also temperatures surface layer of air and atmospheric precipitation for December-February and for April-June, maximum water reserve as snow, water temperature for April-June.

It is shown that over the past 28 years, the volume of floods and their duration diminished, the dates are shifted towards earlier dates, the maximum water discharge during the flood period decreases. It was revealed as well that winter and spring-summer (for April-June) average air temperatures increase, winter precipitation increases, the maximum supply of water in the snow decreases. As a consequence of modern changes in the hydrological regime of spring floods numerous hydroecological and water management problems are

It is noted that interannual fluctuations show the clearly visible fracture in the course of average monthly volumes of spring floods at the beginning-middle of 1990-ies after which the period of significant and stable lowering of discharges began. Typically maximum values water (as well as air) temperatures are observed in July – August, and minimum — in December – January (air temperature) and in January (water temperature). Average monthly water temperatures in winter season (December – March) at the Jermuk section of the Arpa river are positive, negative temperatures are observed rarely, in single winters with severe frosts. Negative air temperature values are recorded mainly from the second half of November and last until the end of March. The average water temperature on the river Arpa — Jermuk settlement for the period April-June is 4.9°C, average annual temperature of air and soil surface at the Jermuk meteorological station – 8.6°C and 11.7°C, respectively.

It is presented that one of the most important characteristics of the flood is maximum water discharge during the spring flood. The value and date of the onset of the maximum water discharge correlate with the amount of snow reserves, the intensity of the inflow of warm air and precipitation. Absolute maximum costs vary by range from 8.26 to 199 m3/s, average maximum flow rates – from 1.86 to 116 m3/s.

It is noted that present climatic changes lead to significant degradation of high water as phases of the water regime in the upper part of the Arpa River basin: increase in winter season surface air temperature is the main reason for the decrease of water content of spring in the upper reaches of the river Arpa.

Correlations between the values of the volumes of the spring floods in the upper reaches of the river Arpa, calculated from April to June and from the beginning floods before its end are presented in the paper. This dependency can be used to estimating, calculating, and also checking the volume of spring floods, if we have the data of  the volume runoff for April – June.

Keywords: Arpa river, Key words: spring flood, air and water temperatures, precipitation, maximum water reserve in snow, interannual variation, hydroecological and water management problems, the upper reaches of the Arpa River.

Financing. The study was carried out with the financial support of the   Committee of Science of the Republic of Armenia and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) within the framework of the joint scientific program 20RF-039 «Short-term probabilistic forecast of river flow during the spring flood» and No. 20-55-05006\20.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-3-12

FACTORS OF TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES AND PROSPECTS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE STEPPES IN THE BELGOROD REGION

Arid Ecosystems

UDK 910.3; 911.2; 911.6

Tishkov А.А., Nekrich А.S. FACTORS OF TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES AND PROSPECTS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE STEPPES IN THE BELGOROD REGION // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 13-26. | PDF

Reduction of the carbon footprint at the district level derived from agricultural production can be achieved by the rational planning of territories including agricultural landscapes along with the optimal spatial distribution of areas reducing agrogenic carbon emissions. The matter of transition to «carbon-neutral agriculture» and the optimization of agricultural landscapes structure are of primary importance for regions such as the Belgorod oblast, providing 4.8% of the total value of Russian agricultural products and where virgin areas of the steppes allowing effectively regulate the carbon balance are located.

Basing on statistical data, on cartographic and literary materials, on reports are published by specialized departments and ministries, as well as on materials of long-term field and experimental studies conducted by the authors in the Belgorod region at the intra-district level during 1990 to 2020, tendencies of the agricultural land dynamics within the structure of modern agricultural landscapes were explored and compared to dynamics of areas of virgin steppe lands and areas of the nature reserve fund lands.

It has been found that agricultural and resource areas uniting municipal areas characterizing by similar trends of agricultural land dynamics in the structure of agricultural landscapes, by similar specialization of agriculture, by identical changes of the natural, social, economic and environmental situation are occur: (1) agricultural and resource area of industrial concentration near large cities in the western and central parts of the region; (2) agricultural and resource area of the conflicts between agriculture and mining in the northern part of the region; (3) agricultural and resource area of the southeastern agricultural and industrial part of the region. Within the boundaries of these agricultural and resource areas, key factors that determine the potential for agricultural production and trends in the dynamics of agricultural landscape areas have been identified. The size of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) allowing reduce agrogenic carbon emissions within these agricultural and resource areas has been estimated. The importance of such territories for supporting of «carbon neutrality» during the modern economic development is outlined. It has been determined that from west to northeast and southeast within the agricultural and resource areas the large-scale decrease of ​ ​agricultural landscapes is not viewing, however their agricultural potential is declining. This feature can be explained by acceleration of negative natural and ecological factors, weak implementation of adaptive land use practice in process of agricultural production, disproportion investments to industrial agriculture and also reduction of rural population. It is shown that the scale of conflicts in agricultural and industrial environmental management is increasing in the east and north-east directions.

In order to determine the links arising between key factors (affecting the use of landscapes for agrarian purposes) and the change of agricultural lands within the agricultural and resource areas methods of mathematical statistics were applied. The prospects of territorial protection of virgin steppes areas in the perspective of solving the problems of «carbon neutral agriculture» in the conditions observable dynamics of agricultural lands are considered. The identified features of the transformation of the agricultural landscapes of the Belgorod region will allow in the future to optimize its structure in the context of achievement the goals of «carbon-neutral agriculture» and to increase the effectiveness of the Regional Protected Areas Network.

Keywords: Belgorod region, agricultural landscape, territorial differentiation of land use, virgin and specially protected natural areas, «carbon neutrality».

Financing. The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences AAAAA 19-119021990093-8 (FMGE-2019-0007).

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-13-26

INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF FORESTS CONDITIONS IN THE DRYLANDS OF SUDAN

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 630*261; 630*91

Gadallah N.A.H., Taha I.S.A., Hano A.I.A., Siddig A.A.H., Hai Jiang Bo INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF FORESTS CONDITIONS IN THE DRYLANDS OF SUDAN // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 27-39. | PDF

Forest resources in the drylands of Sudan are fluctuating in their tree cover and eco-functions. Reliable and timely information on their status is pivotal to address their socioeconomic and environmental benefits in the national environmental policy. Thus, this study aimed to develop an assessment and monitoring systems for their trees’ cover, threats, and disturbances along with forests dependents’ needs and activities in Wad Al-Bashir forest area with a view of establishing database for robust forests management plans and strategies. The study combines Ground-Based Survey (GBS), socioeconomic survey (structured questionnaire and key Informant interviews) and geo-special technique (satellite images for 1988, 2008 and 2018) as integrated methods for assessing and mapping the past and current forest conditions and disturbances. GBS results found and georeferenced sites of biotic and abiotic forest disturbances as well as man’s detrimental activities like trees logging which have had affected trees’ health and contributed to its degradation. The biotic threats were: invasive species (Acacia nubica), pest (Sinoxylon senegalensis) and climbers, while the effect of abiotic was mild like the wind effects. Social survey findings on the other hand, signposted the direct and indirect causes of deforestation and forest degradation. Direct causes were the conversion of forestland onto farmlands, illegal cutting and uncontrolled-grazing consecutively. Indirect causes were improper forest policy implementation, population growth, poverty and land tenure system. The geospatial technique showed considerable land use/land cover changes, where 2008 had considerable forest cover (72.2%) compared with 1988 (63.8%) and 2018 (58%), and accordingly, 2018, encompasses vast farmland area than 1988 and 2008 accounting for 38%, 25.9%, and 6.1% respectively. The study concluded that the effectiveness of using GBS, socioeconomic survey and geospatial technique as incorporated methods that could give a representation of all forests’ related aspects in one scene as well as better understanding for the genuine status.

Keywords: forest assessment and monitoring, drylands forests, ground-based and socioeconomic survey, forests threats and disturbances, Sudan.

Financing and Acknowledgements. Nasradeen Adam Hamed Gadallah is thankful to the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Sudan for its financial support to his M.Sc. Project at University of Khartoum, Desertification Studies and Desert Cultivation Institute. Also, my appreciation goes to Sudan National Forest Corporation in Gedaref States for their viable help and assistance.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-27-39

CHANGE OF STOCKS OF MOBILE SUBSTANCE AND THERMAL REGIME OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGED SOILS OF THE NAZAROVSKY FOREST-STEPPE

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 911.2:502:571.51

Vorobyeva I.B. CHANGE OF STOCKS OF MOBILE SUBSTANCE AND THERMAL REGIME OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGED SOILS OF THE NAZAROVSKY FOREST-STEPPE // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 40-50. | PDF

The article presents the results of studies on changes in the content and stocks of water-soluble forms of calcium, magnesium, organic and mineral carbon and moisture in natural and anthropogenically modified soils, as well as changes in the temperature of natural soils in different locations. The relevance of the study is due to the need to analyze the changes in the studied parameters under the conditions of short-term climate changes in the insular forest-steppe of the Nazarovsky depression. Generally accepted methods were used in the research: landscape-geochemical, comparative-analytical, comparative-geographical and statistical methods. It has been established that the moisture stocks in the meadow- swamp soil are maximum, in the meadow-leached chernozem soil they are minimal, and in the ordinary meadow chernozem and its anthropogenic modification – fallow – the values are close, which is connected with their position in the relief and the hydrothermal regime. It was revealed experimentally («in situ») that the temperature curve is steeper in ordinary meadow chernozem, freezing temperatures are lower, and the period with negative temperatures is longer than in meadow-swamp soil. New knowledge was obtained on changes in the reserves of water-soluble forms of calcium, magnesium, organic and mineral carbon, moisture content and fluctuations in climatic parameters (air temperature and precipitation amounts). Intra-annual changes in the temperature of natural soils («in situ») of the insular forest-steppe have been established for a more complete understanding of the dynamics of natural processes, as well as the use of the results obtained in further research on the study of the insular forest-steppe in a changing climate.

Keywords: natural, anthropogenic, soils, temperature, moisture, stocks, organic and mineral carbon.

Financing. The work was carried out within the State task of the IG SB RAS: (No. FM-2021-0002), the state registration number of the topic: AAAAA-A21-121012190055-7 «Spatial and temporal patterns of the material state of the landscapes of Siberia in changing environmental conditions».

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-40-50

ISOTOPE SIGNATURE OF SOILS IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF THE PROCESSES OF DAGHESTAN LANDSCAPES ARIDIZATION

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 631.445.57

Kovaleva N.O. ISOTOPE SIGNATURE OF SOILS IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF THE PROCESSES OF DAGHESTAN LANDSCAPES ARIDIZATION // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 51-61. | PDF

The paper presents the results of humus isotopic composition and radiocarbon age of the buried soils determining in the mountain soils of Dagestan.  General chemical properties and properties of soil organic matter of modern and buried soils of Inland Daghestan are investigated. It was found that the Preboreal and Atlantic optimums of Holocene in Eastern Caucasus were characterized by a droughty climate while the Medieval period climate can be characterized as a moderate one, similar to the climate of our time. Little ice age period was absent in Daghestan. It is shown that the anthropogenic use of mountain landscapes leads to their stepping down contrary to natural climatic trends

Keywords: mountain soils, Holocene, palaeoenvironment, carbon isotopic composition.

Financing. The work was carried out with the financial support of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 17-14-01120 2017-2021. «Soil biomarkers in the diagnosis of global climate change and prevention of regional environmental crises.»

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-51-61

HEAVY METALS IN ECOSYSTEMS OF CRYOARID LANDSCAPES OF THE WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA

Arid Ecosystems

UDC  631.4

Chimitdorzhieva G.D., Bodeeva E.A., Chimitdorzhieva E.O. HEAVY METALS IN ECOSYSTEMS OF CRYOARID LANDSCAPES OF THE WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 62-70. | PDF

The results of experimental work on the study of the transformation flux of heavy metals: copper, zinc, nickel and lead from parent rocks into chestnut soils, then into virgin grass stand and humic substances are presented. The soil-forming rocks are deluvial and deluvial-proluvial deposits, as well as deposits of sands and pebbles, which, as a result of their weathering, movement and redeposition, determine the unequal granulometric, mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, affecting the composition of the soil cover. Chestnut soils are characterized by an arid climate, a long stay in a frozen state, low bioproductivity, low power, light particle size distribution, and low humus content. For the extraction of humic substances, the Grimme method was used. The determination of the content of trace elements was carried out by the atomic absorption method with direct electrothermal atomization of samples. Heavy metals were determined on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer – AAS-15 Perkin Elmer. It was revealed that, due to the depletion of rocks in copper and nickel, there are few of them in the soils, and there is more zinc and lead, which, respectively, is reflected in the vegetation and humus.

Keywords: heavy metals, humic substances, parent rocks, vegetation, chestnut soils, Western Transbaikalia.

Financing. The work was carried out on the topic of state task No. 121030100228-4 «Evolutionary-genetic, biogeochemical and productive functions of soils of the Baikal region as a component of the biosphere, assessment of their resource potential and development of technologies for rational use and protection» 2021-2022.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-62-70

INTRA-BODY VARIATIONS OF STABLE ISOTOPE RATIOS (δ13С AND δ15N) OF MEDITERRANEAN SOIL INVERTEBRATE SPECIES

Arid Ecosystems

Korobushkin D.I., Gongalsky K.B. Intra-body Variations of Stable Isotope Ratios (δ13С and δ15N) of Mediterranean Soil Invertebrate Species // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 71-77. | PDF

In recent decades, the analyses of stable isotopes have been widely used to study trophic relationships in soil ecosystems. The isotopic signature of heterotrophic organisms reflects the isotopic composition of their food. To discover trophic position of soil invertebrates in detrital food webs, stable isotopes of carbon (δ13С) and nitrogen (δ15N) are mainly used. However, the correct use of this technique is often obstructed by the individual (within the organism) variability of the isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen between tissues and organs of many soil invertebrate taxa. The aim of this study was to compare the individual variability of the isotopic composition of various tissues and organs of the mass Mediterranean species of woodlice (Isopoda, Armadillidae, Armadillo officinalis and Armadillidiidae, Armadillidium vulgare) and centipedes (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendra cingulata).

Soil invertebrates were collected within Utrish State Nature Reserve (Krasnodar krai). For isotopic analysis, the following tissues/organs were used: exoskeleton, muscles, Gastrointestinal wall, fatbody (only in scolopendra), reproductive system, legs, whole homogenized organism. The isotopic composition of δ13С and δ15N was estimated using a set of equipment consisting of an elemental analyzer and an isotope mass spectrometer.

Differences of carbon isotopic composition between woodlice tissues reached 5-6‰ due to the inclusion of inorganic carbonates in the exoskeleton. No significant difference in the isotopic composition was found between the tissues of the scolopendras. For a correct assessment of the trophic position of large woodlice species using isotope analysis, it is most preferable to use muscle tissue. The use of legs is possible only after a preliminary assessment of the carbonate content in the integumentary tissues of the species. It is necessary to exclude the homogenization of specimens of large isopods, as well as the inclusion of exoskeleton fragments and food debris into the analyzed sample. To estimate the isotopic position of scolopendra, muscles, homogenized samples of the whole animal, as well as individual parts of the body and organs, with the exception of the stomach contents, can be used. The results obtained are applicable to optimize soil-zoological studies using isotopic analysis of invertebrate tissues.

Keywords: soil macrofauna, isopodes, centipedes, stable isotopes, Utrish nature reserve, detrital food webs.

Financing. The study of the isotopic composition of invertebrates was carried out with the financial support of the RGNF grant No. 19-74-104, year 2019-2022: «The role of marine organic matter subsidy in the formation of the functional and taxonomic structure of terrestrial detritus food webs».

Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful to O.N. Bykhalova for her help in organizing work on the territory of the Utrish Nature Reserve.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-71-77

DYNAMICS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF SOILS IN THE CHU VALLEY WITH CHANGES IN THE TYPE OF PASTURE USE

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 631.46

Totubaeva N.E., Shalpykov K.T. DYNAMICS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF SOILS IN THE CHU VALLEY WITH CHANGES IN THE TYPE OF PASTURE USE // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 78-84. | PDF

Soil microflora is one of the first to feel the negative impact from the outside and can serve as a good biological indicator of changes in the soil structure and assess the degree of impact on the soil ecosystem. Studies were conducted on two demonstration plots, one of which was withdrawn from pasture use for two years and compared with the control variant, actively used. The studies showed that reduction of anthropogenic load, on the studied demonstration plots, significantly leads to activation of microbiological processes and a significant increase in microbiological diversity in the soil, which indicates improvement of enzymatic properties and acceleration of the process of soil self-repair. Researches have shown as well that soils being in a usual regime of unregulated overgrazing are considerably exposed to drying and trampling that leads to reduction of microbiological diversity in a soil ecosystem and domination of forms of microorganisms resistant to adverse environmental factors. The data obtained suggest that overgrazing affects the structure of soil microbiocenosis replacing it with more drought-resistant species. Micromycetes of the studied soils were represented in the dominance of Trichoderma, Cladosporium and Alternaria species resistant to unfavorable environmental factors, i.e. the species diversity was insignificant with the predominance of representatives of dominant species. Thus, the microbiological diversity of soils exposed to various degrees of anthropogenic pressure can serve as a biological indicator of the state of the soil ecosystem, it is also necessary to resolve the issue of regulation of rotational grazing, which can also ensure the preservation of pasture productivity and contribute to the conservation of biological diversity of flora and fauna of pastures respectively.

Keywords: microbiological diversity, anthropogenic load, soil monitoring, ecosystem, type of pasture use, pasture degradation.

Financing. All activities within the framework of the project «Protection of wild tulips and support of pasture communities in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan» were carried out jointly with partner organizations: FC «Fauna and Flora International» in the Kyrgyz Republic, OF «Bioresources» and «Association of Forest Users and Land Users of Kyrgyzstan», with financial support from the Darwin Initiative program of the UK Government.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-78-84

 

REPUBLIC OF KYRGYZSTAN WATER POTENTIAL: PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALS FOR THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 631.6:556.5

Nuralieva N.M. REPUBLIC OF KYRGYZSTAN WATER POTENTIAL: PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALS FOR THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 85-93. | PDF

Irrigation remains an essential component of food security in many countries around the world. And Kyrgyzstan is one of these. At the same time, the water resources of Kyrgyzstan are still not used fully efficiently. This study demonstrates an assessment of the conditions of the Kyrgyz Republic water resources formation and their quality evaluation. The assessment is based on an analysis of a new draft State Program for the Development of Irrigation of the Kyrgyz Republic in 2017-2026 and on the evaluation of the irrigation facilities in the Republic. Moreover, the relevance, economic and technical indicators of these facilities were taken into account. Modern realities demonstrate natural resources have to be used carefully and rationally. High-quality and safe water is becoming one of the most demanded resources in many countries of the world. So, the «water powers» can make water their strategic resource. However, the operation and maintenance of water systems require considerable financial investments. Payment for water use can become the basis for reforming the economic mechanism of interstate relations. As the result of the study was formulated substantiated directions of the strategic modernization of the reclamation fund, the expansion of the scope of the reclamation measures carried out that are linked to the priority measures for the development of the water balance rational using.

Keywords: water resources, water distribution, irrigation, water losses, effective water conservation, agriculture; water policy, food security.

Financing. The research was carried out within the framework of the research program of the Department of Economics, Management and Tourism of S. Naamatov Naryn State University.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-85-93

FORECAST AND OPERATING RESOURCES OF GROUNDWATER IN THE FOOTHERN DAGESTAN

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 556.311.31

Kondakov V.M., Gazaliev I. M., Kurbanova L.M., Kurbanismailova A.S., Huseynova A.Sh. FORECAST AND OPERATING RESOURCES OF GROUNDWATER IN THE FOOTHERN DAGESTAN // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 94-101. | PDF

The determination of the predicted operational resources of ground fresh water (PERPV) in the territory of the third order hydrogeological structure – the system of small artesian basins (SMAB) – was carried out taking into account the water deficit in Foothill Dagestan in the conditions of an acutely arid climatic regime. In geological terms, the study area belongs to the Tertiary folding, where over the past decades, work has been carried out on the search, exploration and assessment of reserves and predicted resources for the use of fresh groundwater for domestic drinking water supply. A generalization of previous studies and the identification of promising hydrogeological regions with the calculation of predicted resources for the use of fresh groundwater, especially overdeep wide river valleys, turning into alluvial cones and forming foothill plumes, is carried out. Data on meteorological, hydrogeological and geological study of the territory, chemical composition of groundwater and lithology of cover and aquifers have been processed; identified promising areas for groundwater exploration, areas of their feeding, transit and unloading for the development of a design scheme. The analysis of the operation of the existing water intakes on the approved reserves was carried out and the possibility of increasing the PERPV outside the fields was considered. The hydrogeological conditions of the region, SMAB are given, a brief description of previously explored groundwater deposits is given, promising areas for exploration of groundwater are identified, where their predicted operational resources are calculated. For the limited synclinal structures of the Upper-Middle Sarmatian deposits, the PERPV was determined with the condition of the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation. Its value was 25.6 thousand m3/day. for synclinal artesian intermountain basins, for Chokrak, Chokrak-Tarkhan and Konk-Karagan sandy-clay deposits.

Keywords: East Ciscaucasia basin, stratal and block-stratal confined waters, system of small artesian basins (SMAB), Foothill Dagestan, fresh groundwater resources, river deposition, hydrogeological conditions.

Financing. The work was carried out within the framework of the topics of the state assignment of the Institute of Geology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (State registration No. AAAAA 17-117021310203-3). Topic: «Ecological and geochemical features of groundwater in the North-Eastern Caucasus (Dagestan). Natural and anthropogenic pollution factors».

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-94-101