Архив метки: erosion

SOILS OF ARID REGIONS OF SOUTHERN RUSSIA IN THE BASIC CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS OF THE WORLD

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 631.48

Zalibekov Z.G., Mamaev S.A., Biarslanov A.B., Kurbanismailova A.S. SOILS OF ARID REGIONS OF SOUTHERN RUSSIA IN THE BASIC CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS OF THE WORLD // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 1 (90). P. 42-52. | PDF

Received April 24, 2020. After revision October 14, 2020. Accepted August 16, 2021.

Soil cartographic studies and preparation of soil maps are carried out using classification and diagnostics of soils, as well as various methodological approaches. The most acceptable in modern conditions are «Classification and diagnostics of soils of Russia» (2004), the main difference of which is the use of the principles of substantive genetic classification developed by V.M. Friedland. To further develop this classification, an attempt has been made to determine the classification position and properties of arid soils subjected to desertification, aridization. An important criterion determining the acceptability of the new approach is the allocation of supertype subdivisions (trunks – synlithogenic, postlithogenic organomineral soils) characteristic of highly degraded soils in the foci of desertification. Desertification, as a natural-anthropogenic process, leads to the loss of humus horizons and the emergence of a soil-forming geological rock on the surface. At the same time, the properties of soils at the highest supertype level change with the transition of postlitogenic to synlitogenic organomineral soils.

Taking into account the global nature of the manifestation of desertification, the control of changes is a prerequisite for determining the place of arid soils of the southern regions of Russia in the basic classification of soils of the world. The proposed article provides a theoretical justification for the classification differences allocated to supplement with diagnostics, a nomenclature of properties with an appropriate sequence.

Keywords: basic classification, substantive genetic classification, arid soils, synlithogenic variety, postlithogenic variety, halomorphic desertification, ferrallite formations, erosion, salinization, dehumification.

Financing. The work was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment of the Institute of Geology of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Landscape-geochemical zoning of the Caspian lowland”, Section 1, No. AAA-A117-117021310199-9 “Development of methodological foundations for studying the humus state and soil salinization for the purpose of landscape-geochemical zoning of arid territories”, Topic 3, No. AAAAA-A17-117021310203-3 “Ecological and geochemical features of groundwater of the North-Eastern Caucasus (Dagestan). Natural and anthropogenic pollution factors”.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-1-42-52

IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE SOIL PROCESSES OF THE HIGHLANDS OF DAGESTAN

Arid Ecosystems

Alichaev M.M., Sultanova M.G. IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE SOIL PROCESSES OF THE HIGHLANDS OF DAGESTAN // Arid ecosystems. 2021. V.27. № 3 (88). P. 61-65.

The article presents the materials of route, stationary soil, soil-ecological studies conducted in the high-mountain zone of Dagestan with the characteristic: a) the current features of the development of the soil cover; b) the ecological parameters of the soil cover and their changes under the influence of climate warming.

The variety of natural and economic conditions of the object of study caused a significant diversity of the soil cover. The distribution of the soil was greatly influenced by the height of the terrain, the exposure and the steepness of the slopes. Based on the soil erosion studies conducted in previous periods, it can be noted that improper land use and climate warming have led to radical changes in the composition of the soil cover in terms of determining indicators – soil erosion.

In recent years, the area of eroded land has doubled, the area with heavily eroded soils-by 1/3. This led to a decrease in the thickness of humus horizons in almost all soils to an average of 20 cm, and the loss of humus reserves in the soils amounted to 60% of the initial content. The presented analysis of the degradation of the soil cover and the established patterns of soil evolution on the slope lands of the highlands serve as a theoretical basis for the reproduction of soil fertility, the preservation of the ecological role of soil protection from erosion and other degradation processes.

Keywords: soil, fertility, erosion, exposure, highlands, vegetation, ecology, pastures, elevation.

Funding. This work was carried out within the state assignment No. 0733-2019-0005 “To Develop an Assessment System for Modern Trends of Soil Processes Development in Natural Landscapes of the Mountainous Province of the Republic of Dagestan”.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2021-10164

DYNAMICS OF LAND DEGRADATION IN THE ROSTOV REGION

Arid Ecosystems

Bezuglova O.S.,  Nazarenko O.G., Ilyinskaya I.N. DYNAMICS OF LAND DEGRADATION IN THE ROSTOV REGION // Arid ecosystems. 2020. V. 26. № 2 (83). P. 10-15. | PDF

The Rostov region, located in the southeast of the European part of the Russian Federation, is characterized by a temperate continental climate with somewhat unstable humidity levels. Typical summers are dry and hot, while winters have relatively little snow and constant winds. Climatic and geomorphological features of the territory, as well as the high agricultural development of land resources determine the development of a number of deterioration processes. The purpose of the research was to make a comparative spatio-temporal assessment of degradation processes that contribute to the development of the desertification process in the Rostov region. The basis of the research was the analysis of literature and archival data in retrospect, the use of calculated natural and environmental indicators, differentiated study of soil types common for the region and the degree of natural humidity of the agrolandscape in accordance with the ecological stability and hydrothermal regime of the territory. It has been established that the climate aridization, agro-depletion, erosion development are typical for the Rostov Region. This allows for evaluation Rostov region as a territory with a risk of potential desertification.

Keywords: dehumification, agro-depletion, erosion, aridization, desertification.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2020-10090