Архив метки: precipitation

GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TEMPORAL-FUNCTIONING PROPERTIES OF ARID SOILS AT VARIOUS DESERTIFICATION STAGES

Arid Ecosystems

Zalibekov Z.G., Musayev M.A., Asgerova D.B. GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TEMPORAL-FUNCTIONING PROPERTIES OF ARID SOILS AT VARIOUS DESERTIFICATION STAGES // Arid Ecosystems. 2025. Vol. 31. № 2 (103). P. 33-44. | PDF

Numerous researches of the processes of desertification and aridization in arid lands and continental deserts have established the basis for differentiating seasonal (temporal) changes that facilitate the replacement of arid soil characteristics and corresponding ecosystem components with elements of a humid regime. Sharp seasonal changes in soil and vegetation moisture are associated with differences in the atmospheric moisture availability during different periods of the year.

The natural stage of processes that help eliminate soil moisture deficits during the autumn-winter and winter-spring in the arid zone of semi-desert and steppe complexes intensifies the drying of soil profiles, enriching the roots layer with moisture in a way that is common for humid regions. The period of plants utilizing the accumulated moisture is 60-70 days, during which the ratio of air temperature and soil moisture is determined within the range optimal for plant growth and development. Identification of a period with an optimal heat/moisture ratio and of certain duration under desertification, including the highest stage of desertification, provides a reason for the development of a technology that differs from the generally accepted zonal technology and takes into account the conditions characteristic of a semi-desert climatic regime (Akimtsev, 1957; Biarslanov et al., 2021).

Funding. This work was carried for the state assignment of the Institute of Geology of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Landscape-geochemical Zoning of the Caspian Lowland”, Section 1, No. AAA-A117-117021310199-9 “Development of Methodological Foundations for Studying the Humus State and Salinization of Soils for Landscape-Geochemical Zoning of Arid Territories”.

Keywords: precipitation, desertification, continental desertification, local desertification, limiting factor, deserts, temporal-functioning properties, humidification stage, evaporation, heat-moisture ratio, properties that reduce soil degradation, highest degree.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2025-2-33-44

EDN: FWTOBL

ANALYSIS OF THE VARIABILITY OF AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN SEMI-DESERT AND DESERT LANDSCAPES OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSE

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 551.583.13

Kerimov I.A., Bratkov V.V., Bekmurzaeva L.R. ANALYSIS OF THE VARIABILITY OF AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN SEMI-DESERT AND DESERT LANDSCAPES OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSE // Arid Ecosystems. 2023. Vol. 29. № 4 (97). P. 148-153. | PDF

The aim of the study is a modern assessment of the agro-climatic resources of the semi-desert and desert landscapes of the North Caucasus. The methods of mathematical statistics used in agroclimatology are used to analyze changes in average monthly and annual air temperatures, growing season, precipitation, hydrothermal coefficient according to five weather stations with a long series of observations. Within the semi-desert and desert landscapes of the North Caucasus, there is an increase in annual air temperature for the period under review by an average of 0.86°C compared to the previous period. The sum of active temperatures increased by 9-11%. The duration of the period increased when passing through 0°C for 17 days, 5°C for 15 days, 10°C for 10 days and 15°C for 8 days. An increase in precipitation is noted at all meteorological stations, except for Makhachkala. On average, precipitation increased by 36 mm. The HTC varies from 0.5 to 0.7 and is within the limits of natural fluctuation. Modern agro-climatic changes within the semi-desert and desert landscapes of the North Caucasus are characterized by an improvement in the conditions for heat and moisture supply to the territory. These conditions are favorable for the cultivation of melons and all types of grape varieties, with the exception of very late ones.

Keywords: modern agro-climatic changes, landscape, temperature, precipitation, hydrothermal coefficient, vegetation period.

Funding. The work was carried out within the framework of the state task No. FZNU-2021-0002 of the Grozny State Petroleum Technical University «Assessment of the variability of agro-climatic conditions of the North Caucasus in connection with global climate changes».

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2023-4-148-153

EDN: URYUAI

MODERN CLIMATE TRENDS OF CHANGES IN EVAPORATION AND SOIL MOISTURE IN THE SOUTH OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA 

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 551.573:551.579.5(470)

Titkova T.B., Zolotokrylin A.N., Cherenkova E.A. MODERN CLIMATE TRENDS OF CHANGES IN EVAPORATION AND SOIL MOISTURE IN THE SOUTH OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA // Arid Ecosystems. 2023. Vol. 29. № 3 (96). P. 4-14. | PDF

We studied an impact that climate parameters had on evaporation during the active growing season of plant in forest steppe, steppe and semiarid areas in 1980-2021, in the south of European Russia. We analyzed the main patterns of the connection between evaporation and soil moisture. At the beginning of the growing season, a change in evaporation in forest and steppe was largely determined by the positive connection with temperature and wind. In the middle of the season, the role of precipitation and wind increased even more. Starting in July, the connection between evaporation and air temperature turned negative due to the water shortages in dry subhumid and semiarid climates. At the beginning, the connection between evaporation and surface moisture was negative, and the surface evaporation was minimal since the soil cover was not yet warm enough in steppe and forest steppe zones. However, this connection was positive in warm soil in the semidesert. Starting from the middle of the season and until its end, the connection between evaporation and soil moisture was significantly positive everywhere from forest steppe to semiarid zones. At the beginning, the continuous warming increased the evaporation. In the middle and the end, evaporation trends were significantly negative because the insufficient moisture at higher temperatures resulted in drying of the soil cover and early vegetation decay. The largest evaporation decline was noted in steppe and dry steppe landscapes, caused by the overall drying of the territory when the air temperatures grew, as well as by the decrease both of precipitation and the average wind speed. Surface moisture trends were mostly negative in the south of European Russia, with the maximum moisture loss in broadleaf forests and forest steppe because they were more humid compared to dry steppe and semiarid zones. Changes in soil moisture in the semiarid zone throughout the entire warm period were minimal.

Keywords: evaporation, air temperature, precipitation, wind, soil moisture, natural zones, growing season.

Financing. The study of the influence of climatic parameters on evaporation was carried out within the framework of scientific topic No. 0127-2019-0010 (AAAA19-119102890091-1) “Development of Scientific Foundations for Sustainable Management of Natural and Anthropogenic Systems Based on Balanced Land Use Models”; the analysis of trends in abnormal regimes of soil moisture was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 19-17-00242.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2023-3-4-14

EDN: ZUWGEV

SEASONAL AND ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS IN THE EASTERN NATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF THE ROSTOV REGION IN 1961-2020

Arid Ecosystems

UDC 551.5; 58.032.3

Gudko V.N., Usatov A.V., Azarin K.V. SEASONAL AND ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS IN THE EASTERN NATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF THE ROSTOV REGION IN 1961-2020 // Arid Ecosystems. 2023. Vol. 29. № 2 (95). P. 29-35. | PDF

Based on the data from the Remontnoye Meteorological S tation located in the Eastern natural agricultural zone of the Rostov Region, the seasonal and annual dynamics of average temperature, precipitation, dynamics of hydrothermal conditions (de Marton aridity index) were estimated for 1961-2020. For each season, there was an increase in the average temperature; the average annual temperature also increased significantly. However, there was a downward trend for precipitation for the summer season. For the rest of the seasons, the dynamics was positive, thus determining the positive trend of annual precipitation. In 75% of cases the annual regime of hydrothermal conditions was moderately and slightly arid. Moderate conditions were dominant in spring (43% of cases), summer (55%) and autumn (47%). Seasonal temperature and precipitation changes during the study period shifted the nature of hydrothermal conditions. In the winter and summer, the hydrothermal conditions tended to shift to the drier ones, while in the spring and autumn they were more humid. In the annual interval, while precipitation was increasing, the hydrothermal conditions changed to the more humid ones. Thus, based on the calculated trends, it can be concluded that in 1961-2020 the Remontnoye weather station was characterized by a humid heat wave.

Keywords: air temperature, precipitation, hydrothermal conditions, de Marton aridity index, Rostov region, humid warming.

Funding. The research was carried for the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment in the field of scientific activity (No. 0852-2020-0029) “Fundamentals of Agro- and Ecobiotechnologies for the Sustainable Functioning of Natural and Anthropogenic Ecosystems”.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2023-2-29-35

EDN: OSFPEN

HYDROECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE WATER REGIME OF SPRING FLOOD IN THE UPPER REACHES BASIN OF THE ARPA RIVER

Arid Ecosystems

UDK 556.535.3

Margayan V.G., Gaidukova E.V.,  Azizyan L.V., Myakisheva N.V. HYDROECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE WATER REGIME OF SPRING FLOOD IN THE UPPER REACHES BASIN OF THE ARPA RIVER // Arid ecosystems. 2022. V.28. № 2 (91). P. 3-12. | PDF

The article discusses the long-term trends in river flow change of spring floods and hydroecological and water management consequences of climate change in the upper river Arpa. The study used data on average daily water discharge and water temperature in the river section Jermuk of the Arpa River, also data on the main meteorological elements at the Jermuk meteorological station located in the upper reaches basin of the Arpa river.

It is presented that one of the most important characteristics of the flood is maximum water discharge during the spring flood. Absolute maximum discharges vary by range from 8.26 to 199 m3/s, average maximum flow rates — from 1.86 to 116 m3/s.

Discussed and evaluated the interannual change in the dates of the beginning, end, duration and volume of spring flood runoff, also temperatures surface layer of air and atmospheric precipitation for December-February and for April-June, maximum water reserve as snow, water temperature for April-June.

It is shown that over the past 28 years, the volume of floods and their duration diminished, the dates are shifted towards earlier dates, the maximum water discharge during the flood period decreases. It was revealed as well that winter and spring-summer (for April-June) average air temperatures increase, winter precipitation increases, the maximum supply of water in the snow decreases. As a consequence of modern changes in the hydrological regime of spring floods numerous hydroecological and water management problems are

It is noted that interannual fluctuations show the clearly visible fracture in the course of average monthly volumes of spring floods at the beginning-middle of 1990-ies after which the period of significant and stable lowering of discharges began. Typically maximum values water (as well as air) temperatures are observed in July – August, and minimum — in December – January (air temperature) and in January (water temperature). Average monthly water temperatures in winter season (December – March) at the Jermuk section of the Arpa river are positive, negative temperatures are observed rarely, in single winters with severe frosts. Negative air temperature values are recorded mainly from the second half of November and last until the end of March. The average water temperature on the river Arpa — Jermuk settlement for the period April-June is 4.9°C, average annual temperature of air and soil surface at the Jermuk meteorological station – 8.6°C and 11.7°C, respectively.

It is presented that one of the most important characteristics of the flood is maximum water discharge during the spring flood. The value and date of the onset of the maximum water discharge correlate with the amount of snow reserves, the intensity of the inflow of warm air and precipitation. Absolute maximum costs vary by range from 8.26 to 199 m3/s, average maximum flow rates – from 1.86 to 116 m3/s.

It is noted that present climatic changes lead to significant degradation of high water as phases of the water regime in the upper part of the Arpa River basin: increase in winter season surface air temperature is the main reason for the decrease of water content of spring in the upper reaches of the river Arpa.

Correlations between the values of the volumes of the spring floods in the upper reaches of the river Arpa, calculated from April to June and from the beginning floods before its end are presented in the paper. This dependency can be used to estimating, calculating, and also checking the volume of spring floods, if we have the data of  the volume runoff for April – June.

Keywords: Arpa river, Key words: spring flood, air and water temperatures, precipitation, maximum water reserve in snow, interannual variation, hydroecological and water management problems, the upper reaches of the Arpa River.

Financing. The study was carried out with the financial support of the   Committee of Science of the Republic of Armenia and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) within the framework of the joint scientific program 20RF-039 «Short-term probabilistic forecast of river flow during the spring flood» and No. 20-55-05006\20.

DOI: 10.24412/1993-3916-2022-2-3-12

ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA FOR THE PERIOD 1966-2017

Arid Ecosystems

Shumova N.А. Analysis of climatic conditions in the Republic of Kalmykia for the period 1966-2017 // Arid ecosystems. 2020. V. 26. № 3 (84). P. 23-29. | PDF

The work is based on an analysis of the dynamics of air temperature, precipitation and the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov for the period from 1966 to 2017 based on data from the Yashkul meteorological station (Republic of Kalmykia). The construction and analysis of difference integral curves made it possible to identify periods with increased (in comparison with the average) and reduced values of the studied quantities. It is concluded that the leading role belongs to precipitation in the formation of hydrothermal conditions of the territory for the studied time interval and humid warming.

Key words: air temperature, precipitation, hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov, humid warming, Republic of Kalmykia.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2020-10103

ASSESSMENT OF SPATIAL – TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF ARID ECOSYSTEMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

Arid Ecosystems

Garmaev E.Zh.,  Ayurzhanaev A.A.,  Tsydypov B.Z.,  Alymbaeva Zh.B.,  Sodnomov B.V., Andreev S.G.,  Zharnikova M.A.,  Batomunkuev V.S.,  Mandakh N., Salikhov T.K.,  Tulohonov А.К.  ASSESSMENT  OF  SPATIAL – TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF ARID ECOSYSTEMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA // Arid ecosystems. 2020. V. 26. № 2 (83). P. 34-42. | PDF

Climate change and human activity on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia intensify the processes of desertification and land degradation. Zoning of the territory of Buryatia was carried out according to the aridity index using ENVIREM high spatial resolution climatic data. Based on the correlation analysis of the time series of the NDVI AVHRR vegetation index, meteorological series of the NCEP / NCAR reanalysis and field studies, a quantitative assessment of the long-term changes in vegetation cover in arid and humid zones was carried out. Maps of the spatial distribution of linear trends of NDVI and precipitation for 1982-2015 with the separation of wet (1982-1999) and dry periods (2000-2015) were obtained. During the wet period, positive NDVI trends are observed for almost the entire territory of the Republic, while the dry period is characterized by a significant increase in the negative trends of the vegetation index. The positive correlation between the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient and NDVI is observed for intermountain steppificated hollows, negative for forest landscapes. The dynamics of NDVI of steppe vegetation largely depends on precipitation, the dynamics of NDVI of forests — on temperature. Reforestation, post-pyrogenic succession, shrubbing of abandoned fields, etc., cause the increase of NDVI. Negative NDVI trends are typical for steppe ecosystems under conditions of decreasing precipitation, and for forest vegetation prone to cuttings and fires.

Keywords: Buryatia, arid zones, vegetation, NDVI, Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient, precipitation, trend, reanalysis, dendrochronology.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2020-10093

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDIFICATION AS A FACTOR OF LAND DEGRADATION NEUTRALITY OF FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES

Arid Ecosystems

Kuderina T.M.,  Suslova S.B.,  Lunin V.N.,  Kudikov A.V. ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDIFICATION AS A FACTOR OF LAND DEGRADATION NEUTRALITY OF FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES // Arid ecosystems. 2020. V. 26. № 2 (83). P. 80-85. | PDF

An analysis of meteorological observations in the area of the Kursk biosphere station of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences over the past 40 years has been carried out. A steady increase in temperature is shown, against which an increase in the deficit of precipitation is observed. Moreover, precipitation is characterized by high instability and contrast distribution over the years, an increase in the number and duration of dry periods. For forest-steppe landscapes, precipitation, especially snow reserves, is an important source of moisture, on which their functioning depends. In agrolandscapes, a lack of moisture is observed, which contributes to deeper freezing of soils, deterioration of their water permeability, development of surface runoff of meltwater from fields, leading to landscape degradation. Atmospheric humidification in forest-steppe landscapes is a significant factor determining their functioning and can be used as a local LDN indicator.

Keywords: atmospheric moisture, precipitation, snow accumulation, moisture reserves, forest-steppe landscapes, neutral balance of land degradation, indicator.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2020-10099