Архив метки: soil

IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE SOIL PROCESSES OF THE HIGHLANDS OF DAGESTAN

Arid Ecosystems

Alichaev M.M., Sultanova M.G. IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE SOIL PROCESSES OF THE HIGHLANDS OF DAGESTAN // Arid ecosystems. 2021. V.27. № 3 (88). P. 61-65.

The article presents the materials of route, stationary soil, soil-ecological studies conducted in the high-mountain zone of Dagestan with the characteristic: a) the current features of the development of the soil cover; b) the ecological parameters of the soil cover and their changes under the influence of climate warming.

The variety of natural and economic conditions of the object of study caused a significant diversity of the soil cover. The distribution of the soil was greatly influenced by the height of the terrain, the exposure and the steepness of the slopes. Based on the soil erosion studies conducted in previous periods, it can be noted that improper land use and climate warming have led to radical changes in the composition of the soil cover in terms of determining indicators – soil erosion.

In recent years, the area of eroded land has doubled, the area with heavily eroded soils-by 1/3. This led to a decrease in the thickness of humus horizons in almost all soils to an average of 20 cm, and the loss of humus reserves in the soils amounted to 60% of the initial content. The presented analysis of the degradation of the soil cover and the established patterns of soil evolution on the slope lands of the highlands serve as a theoretical basis for the reproduction of soil fertility, the preservation of the ecological role of soil protection from erosion and other degradation processes.

Keywords: soil, fertility, erosion, exposure, highlands, vegetation, ecology, pastures, elevation.

Funding. This work was carried out within the state assignment No. 0733-2019-0005 “To Develop an Assessment System for Modern Trends of Soil Processes Development in Natural Landscapes of the Mountainous Province of the Republic of Dagestan”.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2021-10164

SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF THE UNDERGROUND PART OF THE EPHEMERAL-WORMWOOD SEMI-DESERT OF THE KURA-ARAZ LOWLAND IN MODERN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Arid Ecosystems

Ganiyeva S.A., Gurbanov E.A. SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF THE UNDERGROUND PART OF THE EPHEMERAL-WORMWOOD SEMI-DESERT OF THE KURA-ARAZ LOWLAND IN MODERN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS // Arid ecosystems. 2021. V. 27. № 1 (86). P. 54-61. | PDF

This article discusses the patterns of the dynamics of the underground part of the ephemeral-wormwood semi-desert of the Kura-Araz lowland in conditions of climate change. It was found that regardless of the plant development phase, season of the year and climate change conditions in different years, the ratio of productive and unproductive roots of plants remains at a certain level. The authors of the article determine the objects and methods of research that were conducted by them in different time periods in different climatic conditions. The authors provide figures and data (in tables) illustrating repeated experiments and observations. On the basis of scientifically grounded descriptions, the authors come to the conclusion that with the deepening into the soil, a decrease in the root mass in plant communities occurs with a pronounced regularity.

Keywords: climate change, ephemera, wormwood, root system, underground phytomass, soil.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2021-10137

TO THE QUESTION OF THE INDICATOR OF SOILS ASSIMILATION POTENTIAL AS A COMPOSITE PART OF THE SOIL PASSPORT AND LANDSCAPES ASSIMILATION POTENTIAL

Arid Ecosystems

Ismailov N.M., Najafova S.I., Kayserovskaya F., Gasymova A.S. TO THE QUESTION OF THE INDICATOR OF SOILS ASSIMILATION POTENTIAL AS A COMPOSITE PART OF THE SOIL PASSPORT AND LANDSCAPES ASSIMILATION POTENTIAL // Arid ecosystems. 2020. V. 26. № 1 (82). P. 69-75 . | PDF

Using the complex comparative soil-biological method for the first time, the average annual assimilation volumes of hydrocarbon pollution in the main soil types of various bioclimatic landscape zones of Azerbaijan were evaluated. The results of the research allowed, in the first approximation, to identify regions with potentially the highest (mountain brown, chestnut and mountain black soils) and the most vulnerable assimilation potential − gray-brown and gray soil. The results of the conducted studies show the possibility and necessity of introducing in the “Soil Passport” indicators of soils data on their assimilation potential with respect to a particular pollutant.

Keywords: soil, pollution, assimilation potential, coefficient of mineralization, passport of soils, scientific basis of nature management.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2020-10085

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMUS HORIZONS OF CRYO-ARID SOILS IN THE BARGUZIN VALLEY

Arid Ecosystems

Ubugunova В.I., Gunin P.D.,  Ubugunov V.L., Aleskerova E.N., Bazha S.N., Ayushina T.A. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMUS HORIZONS OF CRYO-ARID SOILS IN THE BARGUZIN VALLEY // Arid ecosystems. 2019. V. 25. № 4 (81). P. 82-91. | PDF

We studied various types of arid soils, forming under the influence of extra continental climate on the northern border of Central Asian steppes distribution. In this article we present the results of color characterization and humus condition of the surface horizons of steppe soils and soils of forest and steppe connection zone. Using  Munsell color system and color spectrum of CIE–L*a*b* system, we determined that cryo-humus accumulation prevails in steppe ecosystems soils and light-humus connection zone. The correlation between labile and bio-inert fractions of humus compounds can be used as a diagnostic parameter. We made a cluster analysis of humus horizons, using 25 indices. The first cluster combines steppe soils with cryo-humus accumulation, the second cluster combines soils with light-humus accumulation. Soils with AK–BCA–Cca profile were classified as cryo-humus soils. The achieved data can be used as a basis to clarify the classification of cryo-arid soils.

Keywords: soil, humus, accumulation, color characteristics, fraction composition.

DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2019-10076